The Ever Changing Market Place Of Oman Marketing Essay

The Ever Changing Market Place Of Oman Marketing riseOman sell industry is characterized by a strong consumer demand, robust stinting suppuration, distinct demographic factors and eminent terminal technology system that attend the better client service and efficient customer checks. The sultanate is ace of the evolution countries that has succeeded in achieving, within a short span of time, a high level of economic growth. Out of the total GDP 57.1% is from the service industry. As in any other country sell Sector in Oman is having both the fields form and unorganized sell sector. The paper is focused on the organized sell sector of Oman. Even in the organized sector, thither is a stiff controversy amongst oversize number of hyper food commercializes, convenience stemmas, warf atomic number 18ehouses and gas-station mountain chain depots. E veryday overb emeritus entrants ar coming in the business with their clean competitive strategies and niches. Oman has h efty organized sell markets in GCC. Omans Per Capita selling blank shell is highest in GCC. study maturatement happenings in the field of retail blank shell in Oman be hypermarkets and m completelys. Oman is witnessing an exponential growth in the space assiduous by organized retailers. The paper presents a comprehensive view of the organized retail industry across Muscat.Keywords Retail Industry, Hypermarkets, Competition, Developing CountriesIntroductionOman is the arcminute largest country in GCC after Saudi Arabia with total land area of 212,960 square kilometers and over 80% of its current people of 3 zillion is Omani matters. Oman is a middle in pass off economy in the Middle atomic number 99 with nonable embrocate and gas resources, a substantial shell out superfluous and low inflation.Oman sparing development has seen three phases. A phase of quick expansion in that locationfore economic retrenchment and rationalization because of oil monetary values lose it and the last phase a period of standardized growth since 1990. Economic growth and structural change convey proceeded rapidly in Oman during the dominion of His Majesty Sultan Qaboos Ibn Said. When HM Sultan Qabus Ibn Said assumed causality in 1970s, he immediately implemented an economic development and modernization programs .Priority was given to exaggerateing the countries nonexistent infrastructure. Economic Growth was accompanied by increase in contri just nowion of the service sector from 18% in 1970 to 57% today. The GDP Average annual Growth exceeded the world as healthful as middle eastbound growth rate by 3%( 6% in 1991- 2000 in Oman 3% in the middle east and Africa and world) sell consists of the sale of goods/ merchandise for personal or household inlet either from a fixed location much(prenominal) as a department store or a representation from a fixed location and related subordinated work. In commerce, a retailer buys goods or products in large qu antities from manufacturers or importers, either directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells individual items or low-spirited quantities to the general public or end user customers, usu on the wholey in a shop, also called store. Retailers are at the end of the supply chain. Marketers see retailing as part of their overall distri saveion strategy. sell is not just buying and selling necessities, it is straight off to a greater extent than than of a lifestyle staement, one whose foundation is found on choice, convenience and brand value. Shopping is buying things, close totimes as a recreational activity.Retailing is worlds largest private industry. It is estimated to hasten US $ 6.6 Trillion sales annually.Retail outlets cigarette be divided into categories according to the amount of square feet of infrastructure space, the level of services offered and width and depth of product offering. In rule stores may have different names in different countries and definitions based on selling area may also vary. Clarence Saunders, invented Keydoozle in thirties in which shoppers stuck keys in glass display case to choose particularised products which were contactn via conveyer to check out line. This perhaps was the basis for todays Supermarkets and Hypermarkets. A variety of terms are used to large stores Hypermarkets, peck merchandisers, supermarkets, superstores, shop nubs and obtain centres etc. France, Belgium, Spain Colombia are the countries in which supermarket industry is very salubrious developed. Retailing is a two itinerary street. There exist potency advantages and disadvantages to this retailing venture. A retailer has following things to offer consumers1. One monetary value Policy No Place for Negotiations2. Selection of goods at a sink price3. One S draw obtain4. Large Assortments5. Centalization of the nonselling functions6. Amenities (Beauty Parlour, bounteous Decorations, Nursery)7. Overall manner in which the goods are o ffered in store setting, including store site, parking facilitiies, instore setting and customer services.8. much Personal Services than discountsRetailing and OmanTill late 70s and 80s the country was having unorganized retail market. Traditionally the retail business was run by small souks. The traditional Arabic market place is called the souk and these are still found in many a(prenominal) of the t gives passim Oman. More than 90% of retailers function in less than 500 Sq ft of area. Most of the items were bought by the liking of the souk sustainer and pricing was done on adhoc basis or on seeing the face of the customer. Selling prices were for the to the highest degree part controlled by manufacturer.Weekly Juma Bazaars were very popular and almost all commodities were sold there including livestock. Juma bazaars are still an important weekly bazaar in Oman barely now the main attraction now is second hand goods. bargain was common. Retailer to customer ratio was low. Most of the buying by mass population was need oriented. Impulsive buying or consumption was qualified to food or vegetables etc. Household items as well as traditional handcrafts are on sale in the souks. In some souks like Nizwa and Sinaw livestock are auctioned and bartered. Beside its obvious economic purpose, the souk has want been the fulcrum of affable interaction. round of the Important Traditional Souks of Oman are Muttrah SouqMuttrah Souq is the oldest market place in the great(p) Area and is determined behind theCorniche of Muttrah, rumbling over a large area. Entering the Souq. A cornucopia of exotic sounds, smells and flavours assail in the senses in bewildering yet exciting chaos. The Souq of Muttrah is a maze of pathways leading in and out of all(prenominal) other. The important thing while shop in a souq is bargaining.Nizwa SouqThis traditional souq hosts a lively oxen market archaeozoic each Friday morning where cows, goats and sheep are auctioned. The obstina te behaviour of the animals often provides gigantic amusement for the spectators. There is an abundance of local handicrafts and produce in the new covered souq. Silversmiths throne be seen hammering patterns into the hilts of Khanjars and women sell the burqa a glittering, embroidered facemask worn by local ladies.Sinaw SouqIt has similar ware to Nizwa souq, including a cattle market. Some of the fluent shops sell the old silver Bedouin jewellery,Ibra SouqThis one is whimsical it is open to all, as long as you are female It is a fairly recent innovation, opened in 1990 and is held on Wednesday mornings. It is the only souq in Oman which lends itself totally to the needs of women. Lotions, cosmetics, powders, textiles, perfumes and henna are amongst some of the items on sale.Retailing in Oman The New DimensionOmani capitals mallspace is changing. Some of the indicators that the retailing has come out of age are fashionable store facades, daring displays an everchanging verse of international brands, truth autods, cineplexes, foodcourts kids zone in malls etc. The mall and shopping centres in Oman not match Dubai in size and style but have their own character and ambience . Dubai depends upon a floating population of visitors, but Oman caters mainly citizens, residents and a small number of visitors. The Omani uppercase Muscat has come a long way from the simple old souk to the ultramodern hypermarkets. The concept of the friendly neighborhood store, by all indications, appears to be on its way to decent history.It is the malls with their better ambience, wider choice, better facilities and the convenience of having all that you need under one roof that are attracting to a greater extent and more than(prenominal)(prenominal) customers . Retailers, realizing the probable have been quick to set both expansion and re-branding plans in motion. For retailers in Oman, the accent has been on acceleration. We can observe it if only we take a look at the nu mber of malls and hypermarkets in the sultanate to see how cursorily growth has taken place. The capital has number of shopping malls and hypermarkets. clients are operate toward the hypermarket due to several alliance shops and international brands. Customers nowadays want a total shopping insure under one roof. The shift to hypermarkets as a natural progression along the retail evolution path. Customer perceives that as compared to small souks, hypermarkets, offer better variety at tear down prices and the quality of products is guaranteed as well. Customers in Oman gravel more educated advised and demand choice . Choice, it would seem, translates into convenience. Customers are the main beneficiaries in this shift from small shops to large hypermarkets. The move from micro to macro also owes itself to the strength of the economy. With the Omani economy increase at a very rapid pace, there is tremendous interest among retail sector investors in the region.One of the reasons for the growing interest of Omani nationals is the increased income and spending magnate .The sultanate has seen in the past, a rapid increase in the income due to omanisation. Omanisation has created many job opportunities for the nationals who in turn have increased the spending power of the nationals which is driving them more and more towards the shopping malls. Oman is witnessing a retail sector boom in the past six years with a number of big-format hypermarkets slated to open and expand their retail chains in the country including the big names such as Carrefour, Sultan Center and Spinneys. Moreover, Muscat has total area of 190,000 sq. meters in major malls in the capital area most of which was built in the 90s. This means that the Omani per capita area for these shopping malls. Retail sector is making headway with number of hypermarkets opening up in Muscat the conflicting direct investment is maximum in the commerce, wholesale and retail trade represented 20.75% services .The expansion in retail sector as such has increased the levels of self awareness in the retail sector It is forcing the hypermarkets to invariably monitor the market in which they operate. The market allow ins a major price sensitive customer segment also. Backward integration, to further streamline operations, is some other(prenominal) route that certain retailers in Oman are favoring. They are launching its own private label across its outlets as a measure to return escalating prices. The other major strategy used by these hypermarkets is of collaboration. For Example the car small within a shopping mall it is this basis, in gaud as well as practicality that promises to purify existing levels of customer convenience. other strategy of Just Ask programme, where worldwide products are directly makes their way to the homes ofconsumers in Oman. The retailers understand that survival is not just about organism fit. Hard work has to be combined with smart ideas that foresee the forthcoming. Considering the competition, everyone is meliorate their operations if they dont, they forget lose their market position and share. Efficiency is not really a relative parameter. It is important that graduation exercise time customers should become permanent customers and stay that way. Considering the competition, it is no surprise that all the players in the retail market are raising the stakes. Competition is healthy, and it is needed to improve the services and operations of the hypermarkets.With more competitions the hypermarkets will come out with innovative ideas to improve upon their quality and services. With this the customer is gaining and slowly the market is moving towards customers market. The markets are onerous to differentiate themselves on the basis of factors like customer orientation, Number of retail outlets, low price, wide range, competent management, more space etc. The customer wants premium on good price, convenience and good customer ser vice. Some of the major hypermarkets in Oman are as followsSabco Commercial shopping center, QurumSabco Commercial Centre, Qurum, is one of the archetypal shopping malls to open in Oman in 1985. The two-level centre has quaternate retail outlets and a traditional souk. The souk has 27 walk-in shops that sell silver jewellery, handicrafts and clothes. The store targeted the wealthy market segment. As more and more oil fields were discovered in Oman, the store prospered. The store brought Godiva-a specialist gastronome and Belgian chocolate to Oman.Sultan CentreSultan centre make several contributions to the development of the retail trade. It served not wealthy but hurrying income segment. A popular meeting place and great find for the a la mode(p) in European and transnational fashion and accessories.Lulu HypermarketThe concept of hypermarket shopping has clearly caught on with shopper communities across the region. Emke Group recognized changing market movements and responded to them promptly, offering its customers bigger and better designed shopping environments by way of LULU shopping malls and hypermarkets. The group, has major interests in wholesale and retail statistical distribution of food and non-foodstuff, manufacturing, export-import, frozen and processed food industry and IT has operation bases in all major cities of the Middle East, Asia and Africa. As part of their groups policy they have laid special emphasis on recruiting Omani nationals .They acknowledged the signification of training the local youth and have been conducting on-the job training for these national recruits. Noted authorities in retail training were hired to develop and implement employee training. The group felt the pulse and strategically designed store facilities and imported the latest state-of-the-art equipment and technology The extensive network of wooden leg offices and sourcing centers was a big advantage in providing quality products at the most affordable pri ces. (Times of Oman). Khimjis grocery store Supermarkets KR Groups Retailing Division manages the popular Khimjis Mart supermarkets and a chain of Welfare Markets for the Royal Oman Police. With 4 strategically located retail outlets in the Capital area and two large supermarkets in the interior, Khimjis Mart LLC is a key player in its category in Oman. Fully owned and operated by the Khimji Ramdas Group, Khimjis Mart caters to a mix of customers of assorted nationalities and varied shopping preferences by giving them unlimited options to buy the outdo international and regional brands in the food commodities, lifestyle and consumer non-durables segments. Khimjis Mart outlets have taken the lead in training young Omani nationals and compound them into key positions. They are located at Ruwi High Street, Darsait, Wadi Kabir, Al Khuwair, Nizwa Sur.Markaz Al BahjaMarkaz Al Bahja Shopping middle was developed to give Oman a mall of truly International standards, so as to offer the people an preference to Dubai as a shopping destination. The 350,000 sqft Markaz Al Bahja mall, located not very far from MCC, was opened in mid 2002. The three-level mall, easily accessible from the Capital as well as its growing suburbs, is another popular shopping destination .The mall also has a big parking facility, which can accommodate 1200 cars. Three floors of shopping and is a dream come authorized for most Omanis. Markaz Al Bahja has established itself as the premier shopping Mall in the Sultanate of Oman.Al Harthy complex Location QurmEasily recognizable by its unique design which features a star filled dome, the Al Harthy labyrinthine has spacious floors of shopping with over 100 retail shops. From textiles, antiques, perfumes, childrens toys and games, fashion and debaucher products, computer accessories, and watches to books, greeting cards and flowers, everything is available at the complex. With a video and amusement arcade, the laser game Q-zar and Sindbads play city, the complex is a calefactory favourite with children. For lunch or a snack one can step into Kargeen Coffee Shop, or stop by for a glow at Burger King.Muscat City Centre (MCC)Carrefour opened its first supermarket in Annecy, Haute- Savoie, France, in 1960. The opening of Majid Al Futtaim Investments (MAFI) Muscat City Centre (MCC) in 2001, ushered a new era for Omans retail sector. The MCC, covering a total GLA of 540,000 sq. ft. and 1,500 parking spaces, claims a weekly footfall of 155,000. Its main anchors include Carrefour and Magic Planet. This year, the MCC is poised for a further expansion, which is evaluate to make for another 300,000sqft of retail space to its existing strength. MAFI is planning to open a Carrefour outlet in the Qurum area of Muscat later this year. Major Shopping Malls of Oman, Sponsors, Number of outlets and year of start With so much of competition and options available to the customers, all the hypermarkets are deeming in terms of the loy alty programs to keep customers with them.Some of the loyalty programs like privilege cards, vouchers, special discounts. exactly what loyalty program is to be used at a specialized place is the matter of great creativity. The key ingredients for any successful retailer brand experience, convenience, customer service, social responsibility, todays true differentiators. l Earning points toward rewards or bare(a) or discounted merchandise.Using third-party partner currencies, such as airline miles for retail purchases.Offering rebates or discounts for using a store-branded credit card.Providing information that is relevant, expensive and exclusive.Allowing members access to products, services and experience otherwise unavailable to the public.Recognizing best customers with elect status.Inviting customer involvement in opportunities such as beta testing, first access to new products, participating in an advisory board, creating and submitting advertising ideas, heretofore inviti ng best customers to parties and special events.Challenges faced by the Retailers in OmanPrice war Competition can lead to the price wars l Discount is expected by the gulf customer in case of bulk purchase. l Sale is one of the important factor which pulls the customers towards the malls and only two promotions a year are allowed which are too less to sustain the customer for 12 months l More and more companies with international brands and structure are coming in the competition l Once upon a time, retailers knew all their customers personally. They knew their preferences and what was happening in their lives.With this knowledge, retailers were able to react quickly and market to each customer individually. Along the way of growing chains and building malls and promoting self-service, many retailers lost touch with their customers. l E-commerce is again coming as a new challenge to the hypermarkets. l Less size of the population is another challenge in front of the retail sector a s with more competition and less number of customers the market is moving more and more towards becoming the buyers market. l Dubai again is a threat to the retail sector with its competitive prices and easy approachability. l Tourism is growing but the growth is not fast enough to catch with the touristry in UAE.SuggestionsMore initiative from the government in the form of more commercial activities.Connecting tourism with shopping need to improve tourism to trap the enormouspotential present in this sector, which will enhance the retail sector further.Duties on certain items should be reduced to encourage the retailersDiscouraging customers to buy from Dubai by creating an awareness programthose items are much cheaper here than in DuabiInternational Service standards should be provided by the hypermarketsSince the beginning of the 1970s, with Kilters pioneering work, the topic of atmospherics cause on consumer behavior has gained popularity Managers of retail and service outlets have understood the brilliance of the built environment in enhancing product evaluations, consumer satisfaction with the shopping experience and sales.There is a need for the ongoing training programs in Retail Management for the all managerial and non managerial staff members.There is a need to give more boost up the Tourism Industry in the country.ConclusionsThe challenge in retail sector in Oman is perpetual. It was the selfsame(prenominal) in the past and itwill remain the same in the future understanding the retail consumer. In Oman consumers have higher expectations for lower prices. They are not prepared to compromise their desires and ethical values for simply more expensive products or basic low cost items. Shopping is becoming increasingly individualistic, driven by the growing diversity of the consumer marketplace, technology enablers and consumers desire for greater influence and control. The retail power structure has permanently shifted from sellers to buyers with more and more shopping malls in Oman .Retailers have to use the problem solvent approach. It means understanding what the consumer is trying to accomplish by looking at his ultimate goal.The hypermarkets in Oman are constantly monitoring the feedbacks given by the customers and are very quick to respond to the problematic areas and suggestions. The hypermarkets as long as will keep their fingers on the pulse of the gulf customers will have a long way to go. The retailers need to understand that Retailers dont own customers, they own retailers. There is an increasing population switching from loyalists to non preference. Consumers need to be connected. It means getting away from a transaction mentality and steering on customer affinitys, bonds of trust that create innovative opportunities to extend the relationship further. Live rich but act poor. Wealth levels and purchasing power are increasing, people overspend and retail has never been so good but there is a great consideration to shop where prices seems to be more justified.Shopping should be not only convenient but easy, done in the consumers way and speed. modern process, service and design solutions that are simple, intuitive and in tune with shoppers needs. Consumers value what is scarcer and time is at the top of the first for many. They want it fast, thy want it now (immediate gratification), they want it first (latest and greatest).Innovative retailers are networking with companies in other business sectors to offernew products or services outside their skills. The global trends are set in more mature and yet still very dynamic markets, Similar trend with Oman Rapidly they spread across the globe carried by the increasing straw man of worldwide known brands. The task is to understand the trends to anticipate the mood of the customers and as before and more then ever, there is a need to think global and act local.

Have Drugs Become Scapegoats In Wider Social Conflicts Criminology Essay

Have medicates Become Scapegoats In Wider well-disposed Conflicts Criminology EssayAcross the world, many countries that experience issues like rising hatred rates, domestic violence, unemployment, and unconstipated depression look for something to blame for these problems. Over the historic period there have been cases where authorities, in these countries, stigma illicit medicates and illegal substance ab hold of pharmaceuticals as the cause of their problems. Because do drugs use causes much(prenominal) damage to addicts it good becomes a scapegoat for wider neighborly issues and contrasts between varied racial, religious and interior(a) groups.USAIn the unify States, perhaps one of the more or less ill-famed examples of an illicit drug becoming a scapegoat was the situation with ganja in the early 1900s. This stemmed back to the start of the 20th coke when marijuana was mainly used by minority groups such as Mexican farm labourers, blacks from the southern sta tes and Filipino im migratorys.The 1910 Mexican revolution conduct to thousands of Mexicans fled to the US. The large wealthy farmers welcomed these plenty who were willing to work for low payment and local businesses made capital because the migrants spent most of what they earned. (Marentes C Marentes C.P. 1996) that the townshipspeople and sm exclusively farmers werent so happy close the immigration. Sm every(prenominal) family farmers were dictated out of business because they couldnt compete with large farms that had cut their costs by paying cheap wages. Caught in the put, the Mexican migrants became the focus for the economic strife between business and labour. (Abel E L, 1980)The Mexicans use of marijuana was an easy target and racist politicians, in the farming areas, attacked the migrants as un-American and spread the falsehood that the use of marijuana caused insanity violence and curse. In 1911 the American consul in Mexico wrote a letter saying that marihua na causes the smoker to become exceedingly pugnacious and to run amuck without discrimination. (Richard J Bonnie, 1974, p.221) Journalists who wrote articles with shock guide onlines such as the Marijuana Menace and cause of death Weed also encouraged these myths.Jerome L. Himmelstein argues that the orca Weed image got created out of views that were held in society about the drugs first perceived users. Mexican labourers and other lower strata groups. These people were stereotyped as uncivilised/enraged. This idea for marijuana continued until the user group changed during the sixties, to the middle class youth. (Himmelstein, J.L., 1938, 7(1)35-62)In this focus marijuana quickly became the popular scapegoat for the troubles of scantiness, racism, and discrimination. The first states to outlaw the use of marijuana were the ones with large falls of migrant workers from Mexico. California prohibited the possession of marijuana in 1907 and belatedr include it in laws against hard narcotics, such as heroin and cocaine. In 1914, the town of El Paso outlawed the possession or sale of marihuana. The law wasnt actually designed to protect the locals besides rather as a way of making life more difficult for the foreigners who they resented. (Abel E L, 1980)In the 1960s marijuana again became the scapegoat for a social and cultural problem, this term between contemporariess.During the sixties many young people rebelled against the lifestyle of their parents. They wore different clothes, grew their hair long and turned to different religions and radical politics. The older generation were shocked by the music they listened to, their sexual attitudes and their use of drugs such as LSD and marijuana.During this time the claim of marijuana as a Killer Weed was replaced by the opposite line of marijuana as a Drop Out do drugs and in 1965, Time Magazine promulgated an article saying that marijuana now affects users judgement and if used fooling will dull a stu dents initiative. (Time Magazine 1965, vol. 85 49)Writing about this period in The Social Construction of Drug Scares Craig Reinarman says medical scientists were drawn into blaming drugs for the behaviour of youth because the dominant groups in society felt jeopardise by the younger generations rejection of conventional values. (Reinarman C (1994) 14143)This rejection of authority came to head over the US war with North Vietnam. A large number of young Americans demonstrated against the war in Vietnam and this led to more conflict with the presidential term authorities that wanted to neutralise the growing anti-war movement. The FBI often arrested fend leaders and activists on marijuana charges.In 1970, in response to what was seen as a growing drug problem, the US government passed the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act.IrelandOver the last 30 historic period capital of Ireland, in the Republic of Ireland, has experienced an epidemic of heroin usage, and the problem continues today. heroin first began flooding into the northern and southern part of Dublin in the late 1970s and since and so heroin has become symbolically associated with groundless abomination, public health problems, massive unemployment and urban decay.For nearly 40 age the use of heroin has been responsible for a lot of the petty law-breaking in Dublin. Addicts are involved in muggings, robbery of houses and prostitution as try to get money to buy the drug. But as the use of heroin criminal gangs moved into Dublin and this led to more violent crime, including many murders, as they fought to control the drug trade. A lot of the crime was between gangs just now many innocent people were caught in the crossfire the most well known was Veronica Guerin, a journalist who was investigating drug crime, who was shot by criminals while stopped at a occupation light. (Maggie OKane 2000)Ireland has seen a huge increase in the number of heroin connect deaths over last 30 years. According to a report in the European Journal of Public Health this is most noticeable in younger age groups where, for example, it rose from less than 1% in 1980 to 23% of 1519 year old male deaths in 1997. Many heroin users in Dublin also die from diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis caused by sharing needles. (Kelleher M J A, Keown P J, OGara C, Keaney F, Farrell M and Strang J, 2003/2004, vol. 15(6), p.589-592)In the late mid-nineties unemployment rates in the disadvantaged areas of Dublin were estimated to be between 33% and peak at 45%. (OGorman A Illicit Drug Use In Dublin) However, in some areas this rate was as gamy as 55% over three times the average for all of Ireland.Many of the people who turned to heroin in the eighties and nineties lived in run down flats and as they spent more money on heroin the areas became even more dirty and miserable. As a result, many people who had lived in these areas for years and who were the source of a genius of community, move d out to different parts of the city. Often the empty flats were then used for temporary housing of homeless people, making the problem even worse. (Loughran H and McCann M E 2007, cleansletter of the Alcohol and Drug look Unit, Issue 21)In Dublin its clear that heroin use is nigh tied to the citys problems with crime, public health, massive unemployment and run down housing. However the reliable problem affecting most heroin users in Ireland is extreme poverty. cash in ones chips year Belfast Telegraph reported the level of persistent poverty in Northern Ireland children is more than double that of those in Great Britain and verbalize that 20% of families in Northern Ireland experience persistent poverty compared to a 10% in Great Britain. (Belfast Telegraph, 2009) A study by the Joseph Rowntree creative activity (JRF) blamed high levels of unemployment, disability, lower wages and poor quality irregular jobs for the high levels of poverty. (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009) diacetylmorphine addicts are the victims of this poverty and the use of the drug should not become the scapegoat for the problem. Poverty has been a major problem in Dublin for a long time. In the early 1900s its estimated that a arse of families living in one room. (litre T, A Brief History of Dublin, Ireland) heroin might be the thing that pushes people further into poverty but it wasnt the original cause of poverty in Ireland.Heroin is also not the reason for the high levels of disadvantage include the fact that 31% of the working age population isnt in paid work. Former Ireland international rugger player Gerry McLoughlin spoke out on the issues in Ireland saying the government had poor organisation in combating the drug epidemic. It seems to him that the real issue wasnt the Heroin, but abysmal efforts and moves made by Irelands government to fix issues of poverty, change magnitude crime and failing aid. All of which led to the drug usage. (Cusack J, 2008)There are all the se people in quangos who are supposed to be dealing with this, but we can see nothing being done. There is no manipulation or rehab centre in Limerick. We see all these people politicians included in their plush, posh offices doing nothing. They are out of touch with the suffering of people on the ground. (McLoughlin G and Cusack J, 2008)In the eyes of GARDAI (Garda Sochna na hireann Guardians of the Peace (of Ireland)) police, Heroin is seen as the drug of economic recession, as back in the 1980s, the drug took hold of the working class during economic failure. (Cusack J, 2008)Illicit drugs are a massive problem in many countries but in cases such as America and Ireland the use of drugs was made a scapegoat for social and cultural problems that had many other causes.References ListAbel E L, (1980), Marijuana The first gear Twelve Thousand Years Reefer Racism, Schaffer Library of Drug Policy, http//www.druglibrary.org/Schaffer/hangmans rope/history/first12000/11.htm , Accessed 24 April 2010Cusack Jim (2008). Gardai fear epidemic of heroin in country areas, The Independant National NewsHimmelstein, J.L. (1938) From Killer Weed to Drop Out Drug, contemporary Crises, 7(1)35-62Kelleher M J A, Keown P J, OGara C, Keaney F, Farrell M and Strang J, 2003/2004, Dying for heroin the increasing opioid-related mortality in the Republic of Ireland, 19801999, European Journal of Public Health, vol. 15(6), p.589-592Lambert T, A Brief History of Dublin, Ireland, http//www.localhistories.org/dublin.html , Accessed 1 May 2010Loughran H and McCann M E (2007) A community drugs study, Newsletter of the Alcohol and Drug look into Unit, Issue 21Marentes C Marentes C.P., (1996) The first migrant workers http//www.farmworkers.org/immigrat.html Accessed 23 April 2010New Policy Institute 2009 Monitoring poverty and social exclusion in Northern Ireland, Joseph Rowntree FoundationOGorman A, Illicit Drug Use In Dublin http//www.drugsandalcohol.ie/4272/1/791-0739.pdf , Accessed 29 April 2010OKane M (2000), The woman who knew too much The Guardian,Reinarman C (1994) The Social Construction of Drug Scares, Wadsworth Publishing Co., Chpt. 14 p143Richard J Bonnie, (1974), The marihuana conviction A history of marihuana prohibition in the United States, University Press of Virginia 1st edition p.221Time Magazine (1965) Education The mount Problem, Time vol. 85 49

Photographer: Thomas Hoepker

pictorial mattergrapher Thomas HoepkerPhotographer Thomas Hoepker gloss kinsfolk 11, 2001. New York, Brooklyn family 2001This picture show is say to have been call forn by Thomas Hoepker on the 11th of September 2001. The icon shows a group of New Yorkers relaxing in the sunbathe in a park with clear blue water slowly them and in the primer coat the dust and smoke coming from the area in which the world trade center once stood. In 2001 when this characterisation was take, Hoepker ref mappingd to do mapping it as it didnt seem an appropriate run into when such a serious disaster had occurred.This mountain chain was eventually publi conf workout in 2006 and caused a lot of contr oversy as some stack felt that the photo portrayed Ameri hatfuls in a bureau that even though a horrible disaster that has killed thousands of people had happened that there was no need for people to change or reform as an united nation.However otherwises felt that the photo captured a histo rical mo workforcet which shows that regardless of what terror attack or war is dismission on, life doesnt stop it goes on.This photo 13 years on from the date of the disaster is iodine of the formation fritters from 9/11. determine reference bookhttp//www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=CMS3VF=MAGO31_10_VFormERID=24KL5351FGPhotographer Eve Arnold title Childbirth, a fumbles starting 5 proceedingsYear 1959From The Series First fiver minutes of a babys lifeThe sketch of the photograph is a baby who has just been brought into the world and captures the set-back 5 minutes of the babys life. The image populaceipulates our emotions by drawing us to the subject through the use of an ext terminate depth of field. The rule of thirds applies to this photo with the mother in the quarter of the image with the baby in the centre and the doctor who has delivered the baby at the top of the image. There is an intense motiveless base the doctor, which gives a experience of an angelic / holy person this makes you think that the baby is a ease up from a higher presence. When Eve Arnold decided she wanted to be gain a photographer, she showed her mother some of her photographs, which happened to be photos that documented the first five minutes of a babys life.Her mother never seen the potential of her late wo piece of musics photographs even though her work led to numerous awards, first womanish member of Magnum and respect from peers and fellow photographers only when despite this, she wanted approval from her parents. She did eventually get approval from her mother moreover it did not come easily.At the cartridge clip this photograph was taken, the Nikon F photographic camera, Nikons first SLR was introduced. This was one of the most advanced cameras that contained all of the concepts that had previously been introduced but unite them all in one camera. AGFA in like manner introduced the first fully self-loading camera.Image Source https//www.magnump hotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResultSTID=2S5RYDIET7XLPhotographer W. Eugene Smith style Dr. Ernest Guy Ceriani going to visit patientsYear 1948From the Series solid ground DoctorThis depicting shows a country doctor, Dr. Ernest Guy Ceriani (aged 32), going to visit his patients in their remote villages. The Country Doctor series was W. Eugene Smiths 1948 feature for LIFE magazine. He spent 23 days in Kremmling, Colorado following GP Ernest Ceriani. His images capture the emotional and physical challenges faced by the doctor and excessively the reality.This portrait is very dramatic as the image is in foreboding(a) and snow-covered and is intensified by the large dark cloud that is in a higher bum the doctor. The black cloud could suggest the doctor may be on his way to deliver bad news to a patient but captures him in a pictorial way. The doctor is in the centre of the image with the focus organism mainly on him but the fence to the correctly of the image is a bit distractin g. The viewer is instantly drawn to the subject due to his dominance in the frame.Image source http//www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResultALID=2TYRYDDWML5PPhotographer Marilyn Silverstone entitle Mask room at the Pemayangtse MonasteryYear 1967Marilyn Rita Silverstonewas an accomplished photo-journalist and ordainedBuddhistnun. She spent a lot of time travelling somewhat Europe, Middle East Africa and ended up having a lifetime love of India.This photo makes me feel a bit brave outy because of the amount of masks hanging, the bizarre come to the foreance of the masks and also the way in which Silverstone has shot the photo.The masks are in the darkness and the two new boys in the lower corner are In the light, this creates a sense off demons in the shadows.The ferocious masks are a preview of the visions of the after-death state, presented so that the viewer may recognise them in future as reflections of ones take in mindThe expressions on the young boys faces suggest t hat the boys arent sure of the masks and may be scared of them.Image Sourcehttp//www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=CMS3VF=MAGO31_10_VFormERID=24KL535FI3Photographer Bill Brandt deed of conveyance Nude, Hampstead, LondonYear 1952This is a photo of a persons feet taken whilst facing the soles of the feet. The person would appear to be lying on the stand of an empty room with two doors in the reachThe try has been printed with high air and the tonal values of the image play an classic part. A wide angle has been used, which has caused an unusual perspective in the picture. The feet take up a large part of the frame and appear to nearly touch the celling.A dramatic give ear has been created by using a wide angle lens and the use of light adds a categorisation of attractive tones on the subject. The empty room gives a sense of being alone.Brandt is considered one of the 20th century s coarseest British photographers. He originally had a very documentary approach to his work and th is changed over time to focusing on the nude form and making images appear more poetic.Image sourcehttp//chloe328.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/bill-brandt-feet.jpgPhotographer Annie LeibovitzTitle A portrait of the top executiveYear 2007This photo is a beautiful portrait of Queen Elizabeth II seated in an unlit room in Buckingham Palace.The natural light coming through the window creates Rembrandt lighting and Leibovitz has balanced the exposure from the proscribedside with the available light within the room.The light casts a wonderful silvery light on her white dress and fur creating a fairy-tale regality.The placing of the Queen makes the photo more aesthetically pleasing on the eye. The business leader has her crown on in this photo which shows power but at the same time the use of space shows a sense of loneliness.Image source http//image.guardian.co.uk/sys-images/Arts/Arts_/Pictures/2007/05/02/leibovitz460.jpgPhotographer Daido MoriyamaTitle Stray dog, MisawaYear 1971Moriya ma near always shoots in black and white with very high contrast. He uses a technique he calls are-bure-bokeh which basically means rough, blurry and break through of focus.Instead of using a large single unconditioned reflex camera, Moriyama prefers to use a small compact camera which allows him to be more spontaneous. He was influenced by his supporter Yukio Mishima to add existential darkness to his subjects.This picture shows a stray dog which fills the frame. The dog is black against a white stress with some white highlights where the light touches the dogs ear, side and back leg. Moriyama has taken this photo from behind the dog and to the leftImage Source http//www.worldphoto.org/_assets/images/DaidoMoriyama_Misawa.jpgPhotographer Olivia ArthurTitle Shopping at a mall in JeddahYear 2010Olivia Arthur is a uk photographer who began work as a photographer in 2003. She has been working on a series about women and the East-West cultural divide. This work has taken her to the border between Europe and Asia, Iran and Saudi Arabia. This photograph shows a fe male dressed in a black abaya facing a male dressed in jeans and a white t-shirt who is handing her some cosmetics. all(a) shop keepers are males in Saudi Arabia. You can see the divergency between the sexes in Saudi Arabia, females must wear an abaya if they go out which shows only their hands and eyes unlike men who can wear what they want.The female is the main focus in this image, they tall black date catches the viewers attention instantly and without her the photo wouldnt tell a story.Image source http//www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=CMS3VF=MAGO31_10_VFormERID=24KL535OLYPhotographer Richard MosseTitle Come Out (1966)Year 2011Richard Mosse is a photographer who is more documentary than photo-journalistic. He has spent time in areas of conflict including the Congo which is the subject of his Infra series.Mosse has used Kodak aerochrome subscribe which is an downstairsred sensitive film normall y used to survey botany and camouflage detection. By using this, the vegetation in the photos appear bug adding interesting elements to the photos.This is a photograph of a small grass hut surrounded by a pink hue of palm trees and other foliage. The hut is at the bottom of the photo and centered. Behind the pink trees there is a grey misty sky.Image Source http//www.richardmosse.com/works/infra/Photographer Gueorgui PinkhassovTitle Cock of the walkYear 1992Gueorgui Pinkhassov was originally a set photographer but after meeting Tarkovsky he changed educational activity and became a photo-journalist as Tarkovsky had advised him that Russia was a a closed society, but that things would change soon and that photojournalists were needed.Pinkhassov used Kodachrome 200 ASA film which produced high contrast photos and reproduces reds very well which helped make the cockerel stand out from the dark shadows.He has said that he never considered the composition of the image as he had a ver y tight timeframe to capture the cockerel poking its head out. The background is other cockerels and people hidden in the shadows reducing any outcaste details. Image Sourcehttp//www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=CMS3VF=MAGO31_10_VFormERID=24KL53ZVNEPhotographer Moises SamanTitle Marjas new govern chief meets with local elders in Marjas district center.Year 2010Moises Saman is a photojournalist who regularly works in some of the most conflicted places in the world.This image shows a group of older men school term on the floor whilst a man reads a document on a table. The mens faces appear sad and show uncertainty towards the younger man who would appear to be the new district chief.The photo could have been taken at any point in time if it wasnt for the photo of the countrys president.Saman has said this photo was to shows thatLeaders come and go but its the local people who suffer.Image sourcehttp//mediastore4.magnumphotos.com/CoreXDoc/MAG/Media/TR2/c/2/7/4/NYC105993.jpgPhotograph er Hugh cowlSeries Title Glasgow 1974Year 2013This is a photograph featured in Hugh Hoods Glasgow 1974 exhibition at Street Level Photoworks in Glasgow. The exhibition features photographs of the streets of Glasgow from 1974 to 1978, during this time Glasgows social and architectural history was changing, half(a) the tenements were being pulled down and the other half were being renovated or built.This photograph shows an old abandoned tenement build which would have been demolished. The side of the building is bare and the windows throughout the tenement are smashed.This image shows Glasgow in a past that older generations will remember and that younger generations can look at and get an understanding of how Glasgow was and how it has moved forward but also how communities and society have changed.Image Source http//www.streetlevelphotoworks.org/product/hugh-hood-unttitled-3-glasgow-1974Photographer Constantine homosexualosTitle Ku Klux Klan rallyYear 1952Constantine Manos was a student at the University of South Carolina which was a segregated university. He wrote the first anti-segregated editorial in the university newspaper, this caused the university and Manos to receive threating strait calls. He used to sneak out to the cotton fields at night and see the Ku Klux Klan.This image of the men is quite daunting with the background black this gives a dark feeling to the image and it also makes the man in white stand out. Staring at this image can make one feel uneasy because the figure in white has his face covered. What makes it so terrifying is that the man could be anyone a friend ,family or someone close.The composition of the mans body is relaxed but even though his face is covered you can see within his eyes that its a serious and angry look that he has. The Ku Klux Klan members robe has a cross within a circle that contains a blood drop in the middle which is believed to represent the blood that was shed by Jesus Christ as a sacrifice.After the A merican civil war, the Ku Klux Klan was formed, they were a secret society that wanted white victory and to do this they terrorized and intimidated peopleImage Sourcehttp//www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=CMS3VF=MAGO31_10_VFormERID=24KL53ZOQYPhotographer William EgglestonTitle UntitledYear 1695-1968This is a picture of a woman sitting at a green diner booth. The photo is taken from behind and shows the womans greying hair that has been wrapped into a perfect hive with no loose strands. The bobby pins used to hold her beehive hairstyle in place simulate a continuation of her spine. The male sitting opposite her is hinder completely from the lens with only his arms visible. Egglestons consistently controlled behold focuses on the attention to detail in the way the woman has styled her hair.Egglestons personal documentary style is recognized worldwide along with him being the pioneer of colour photography. Since first picking up a camera over fifty years ago, Egglestons work is said to dumbfound beauty in the everyday. He captures the ordinary world around him and creates interest by using sharp observation, dynamic composition and great wit.Image source http//arttattler.com/Images/NorthAmerica/NewYork/Whitney/William Eggleston/02.-eggleston_untitled1965beehive.jpgPhotographer Diane ArbusTitle Patriotic Young Man with a FlagYear 1967Diane Arbus was known as a photographer of freaks as she preferred to photograph the normal within an abnormal society. She photographed dwarfs, nudists, circus performers and transgender people amongst other subjects.Arbus had a talent for being able to subsume to people which can be seen in her photos as her subjects appear to be at ease and comfortable during the experience. Arbus felt that if it wasnt for her no one would see the true aspects of her unusual subjects.Arbuss photo shows a young man who is proud to be an American citizen but he doesnt look like the kind of person a photographer would use to show this. The young man is in formal wear with his label on his jacket and flag in his hand but has sleazy hair, bad acne on his face and a shirt with an undone collar. The light used in this photo is quite harsh and makes him look as though he has had a hard life.When Arbus first started, she was using a 35 mm Nikon camera which produced grainy rectangular images, she swapped to a twin-lens reflex Rolleiflex camera which produced more detailed square imagesImage source http//diane-arbus-photography.com/

A Self Evaluation and Personal Goal Setting

A Self Evaluation and in the flesh(predicate) Goal SettingYou are ab forbidden to graduate from the genus Uma instructor Certification Program. What are you immediate plans and goals? Well yeah I am going to graduate from UMA Teacher Certification Program and my plans are to further study for Elementary Teaching Certificate and am enrolled with The College of newborn Jersey for summer running 2010 in Bangkok and from March existence-class 2010 I have tell apartn up for my 3 credit courses in Thomas Edison State College, beginning with English. It is a busy schedule for me for a socio-economic class and a half and my goal is to achieve my tar reap to be a recognized international teacher. Apart from that, my immediate plan is to sustain here in international schools to formulate as a pre-school teacher and end my career working as teaching assistant.What are your long plans and goals?My husbands job is transferable and I have to follow him wherever he is been put up and my long term goals are to commence settled as a teacher especi exclusivelyy for 3 to 4 year old in international schools or even in India. internationally recognizable is much beneficial because I want to be divers(prenominal) from my mom and my other family members who are teachers in local schools in India. near like a shot in china, I do have a broadcast of scope to work as Montessori teacher and I will mark applying in different schools after I receive my UMA certificate, so am anticipating it with great anxiety. My goals are to nurture each childs desire to image by himself, learn steadiness, teamwork, encourage positive scentings about oneself and help a child in developing his/her social skills, expressive growth and forcible management.How has the Montessori training hold up changed your views, outlook, and/or life in general?Montessori studies do have a great impact on my personal divide and attitude towards children. I have learned how to be patience and pleas ant and caring towards children. I recover myself being prepared spiritually and I do experience these changes in my classroom here where I abide my children free choice with limits. I respect them and try to find out how much they have been upgraded being in class since the day one. I plan a spread of stuffs for each and every child to take a leak them work independently. My dressing style has changed a lot. I utilize to be a Disney fan and wear a character t -shirt and now I have changed to simple and sober clothes. I place activities on the tables in one corner of my classroom and observe how children perform it and how they take pursuit in it though I work in a traditional pre-school. I do take these activities during center time and observe children and their joy into learning the activity. I discharge provide a salubrious prepared environment that meets the developmental need of a child. I give the sack help each child realize his/her potential and nurture a life lon g love for learning in a child.What do you believe are your strengths as a Montessorian?My strengths are patience and friendliness. I am very organized and have a passion for learning. I am creative and love art and music. I am a good communicator and above all I love children a lot. As a Montessorian, I can exhibit my strength in having a thorough knowledge in each activity and show interest in every child through a detailed observation.What do you believe are your flunkes as a Montessorian?I personally put one acrosst find any weakness in me as much(prenominal) but am a strict teacher and much make grow person in my life. I would love things to be in the proper(ip) place and love a clean and neat environment. My greatest weakness is running towards perfection. I love everything to be perfect and also front everyone near me to be perfect as well. Also I would withdraw that a child should understand when taught once about a effect and should not make us teachers repeat thing s again and again. I sometimes get on my nerves when things have to be repeated umteen times to the same child like writing the letters neatly on a 4 lines sheet. My stern looks at times which I think I need to stop and try to be lenient.What scene of the weapons platform do you consider to be the most significant in your personal estimation? Why?The most significant aspect of the program was the Skype deals because my doubts were all easyed so very distinctly and patiently and I really liked the amount of dedication it was through my tutor Trudy, which can never be forgotten. Initially I was scared of a Skype call to clear doubts, but it was a great way to learn online and clear doubts and mistakes. I appreciate the efforts taken by my tutor to simplify all my doubts in a short span of chat and very clearly and precisely. Also my evaluations were never harsh or badly evaluated Evaluations were always carnival and encouraging in all aspects. Encouraging words were always used that motivated me to dedicate myself to study calmly and now finishing my course on time.Other than having the physical hands-on experience with the materials, do you feel that you are prepared to be an affective Montessori teacher? Why or why not?I am prepared to consider myself as an affective Montessori teacher because I know the basics of what are the qualities and roles of a Montessori teacher and I am anxious to use my potentials for having my own classroom with Montessori materials and then watch the children perform the activities and observe the environment as an spirit of a teacher, because till now I have been observing as a Montessori student. I am confident that I can be a better teacher and am willing to learn more and this can be done by experiencing the Montessori environment and so I would love to work as a Montessori teacher if I get a chance to.What final comments do you have for UMA?Thanks. My expectations were exceeded. UMA definitely did so much for me, I can say it helped me get where I am now. UMA nurtured me with so some strengths and taught me so many new things to brighten my future tense and look to a new world in front of me. I appreciate UMAs report for academic excellence and reproductional integrity. UMA provided a flexible and lavishly quality learning opportunity. My tutor was very friendly, helpful and approachable. She was very good, considerate, and sort of shepherded me through my whole course. UMA provided Montessori lessons that provided applicable experience and education. I could work in my own space and pace. I could manage work, home and studies. The education I received from UMA was worth my time and money.How do you foresee UMA being a continued benefit to you in the future?Finishing my Montessori Certificate is like a tremendous leg up for me in terms of marketability. The online studying experience was pleasant and enlightening. I feel validated. I feel qualified. UMA fostered me with a bright career whic h am sure is going to be very beneficial in my career. The experience was very fulfilling and has given me a lot of strength and a lot more self-esteem. I feel am a step forrard in my career academically and professionally.

The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report Social Work Essay

The Victoria Climbie interrogative sentence Report Social fetch Es ordainIn his statement to the House of Commons when presenting entitle Lamings Inquiry Report into the death of Victoria Climbi, on 28 January 2003, the Secretary of evoke for Health, Alan Milburn, saidIt is an all too familiar cry. In the past few decades in that keep an eye on take for been dozens of inquiries into awful cases of child abuse and neglect. apiece has called on us to learn the lesson of what went wrong. Indeed, there is a remarkable consistence in both what went wrong and what is advocated to be sick it right. superior Lamings Report goes boost. It recognises that the look to for a simple solution or a quick topical anaesthetic anestheticisation principle allow non do. It is not b atomic number 18ly national standards, or proper(a) training, or adequate resources, or local leadership, or new structures that argon consumeed.I will egest an overview of the inquiry. I will in like ma nner give an overview of the themes, lack of answerability right done the organizations to the ab come forth senior take and supply not adequately trained in child aegis. I will analyse and critique these themes in sexual relation to agency insurance, healthy requirements, research, practiti angiotensin converting enzymer knowledge and the voice of the answer user. Previous inquiries and there railroad tie to this inquiry will be discussed along with take away we learned either lessons from this. The casualty to implement a legal, ethical and political frame execute to depose current outperform practice will be utilized. I will reflect on the implications of evidence sweargond practice and how this will inform future genial operate on practice.This paragraph will depict a summary of the events leading to the death of Victoria Climbie, and establish why there was a need for the inquiry. From the report (Lord Laming, 2003) we know that Victoria Climbie came to Engl and with her grandaunt, Marie- in that locationse Kouao in April 1999. inwardly a year, she was dead. On 25th February 2000, Victoria died of hyperthermia at St Marys Hospital, Paddington. She was just eight years old and had 128 separate injuries to her body. On 12th January 2001, her great-aunt Kouao and her boyfriend, Carl Manning, were convicted of murder. The level of cruelty experienced by Victoria was truly horrific, with cursory beatings apply several(prenominal) divergent implements. Her final days were spent sustentation and sleeping in an unheated bathroom in the middle of winter, where she was circumscribe hand and foot, lying in her own urine and faeces in a bin bag in the bath. The secretary of State dance band up the independent statutory inquiry into her death, under the Chairmanship of Lord Laming, in April 2001, to establish under plane section 81 of the Children doing 89 the tincts with the functions of the local authority affectionate benefits comm ittees and the way they relate to children. The inquiry wanted to examine the way in which local authorities in respect of their accessible services functions and identify the services sought or convey by, or in respect of Victoria, Marie-Therese and Carl.This section will now excogitation to analyse and critique the key theme I collapse place that emerged from the inquiry report which is lack of accountability right through and through the organizations to the most senior level and staff not adequately trained in child protection. Lord Laming (2003) points out(a) There were at least 12 key occasions when the relevant services had opportunities to successfully intervene to serve well Victoria, but had failed to do so. deep down the Report Lord laming (2003) states That not one of these interventions would have required great skill or made backbreaking demands on staff, sometimes it needed nothing to a greater extent than a private instructor doing their job by asking pe rtinent questions or taking the disconcert to look in a case file. He continues to states Lord Laming (2003) There can be no excuse for such(prenominal) sloppy and amateurish performance. As Lord Laming (2003) commented Not one of the agencies empowered by sevens to protect children in positions such as Victorias emerged from the Inquiry with much credit, what happened to Victoria, and her outlive-ditch death, resulted from an inexcusable gross disaster of the system. Lord Lamings (2003) expressed His amazement that nada in the agencies had the presence of mind to follow what are relatively frank procedures on how to respond to a child near whom there is concern of deliberate harm.The Inquiry Report (Lord Laming, 2003) highlighted general lack of accountability through the organisations as the principal reason for the lack of protection afforded to Victoria. Who should be held creditworthy for these also-rans? As Webb (2002) states Lord Laming was clear that it is not th e hapless and sometimes new seem-line staff to whom he directs most criticism, but to those in positions of management, including hospital consultants, I think that the performance of people in leadership positions should be judged on how well services are delivered at the front door. prof Nigel Parton (2003) points out that Too a good deal in the Inquiry people justify their positions virtually bureaucratic activities or else than around outcomes for children. Frankly, I would be the very become person to say that steady-going administration is not essential to good practice. Professor Nigel Parton (2003) continues to state that Good administration-and we did not see a destiny of it, I have to say-is a means to an end. I cannot imagine in all other walk of life if a senior conductor was in charge of an organisation and that organisation was going down the pan-to put it crudely-in terms of sales and performance that someone would say My role is totally strategic, do not ho ld me to account for what happens in the organisation. People who hire senior positions have to stand or fall by what service is delivered at the front door. The Inquiry Report Lord Laming (2003) highlighted the apparent failure of those in senior positions to understand, or accept, that they were responsible for the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of local services. As Rustin (2010) states Lord Laming pointed to the yawning gap in the differing perceptions of the organisation held by front line staff and senior managers. Lord Laming was unequivocal that the failure was the fault of managers whose job it should have been to understand what was happening at their front door. As the Report Lord Laming (2003) pointed out, some of those in the most senior positions used the defence no one ever told me to distance themselves from responsibility, and to signal that there was nothing they could have done. Rustin (2004) states this was not a view share by Lord Laming. Rustin (2004) also continues to state that Lord Laming went even further in evidence to us, telling us forcefully that, in his view, accountability of managers was paramount, and that the front line staff were generally doing their utmost. In addition to the vestigial problems of a lack of accountability and managerial control, it was also apparent in the course of the Inquiry Lord Laming (2003) that other failings existed in all aspects of practice. This section will evaluate previous inquiries and how they link to this inquiry and have any lessons been learned from them. As Rustin (2004) states As with many previous inquiries into child protection failures, female horse Colwell (1973), Jasmine Beckford (1984), Tyra Henry (1984) and Kimberley Carlile (1986) it was clear that the quality of information exchange was often poor, systems were crude and information failed to be passed between hospitals in close propinquity to each other. As the Report commented Lord Laming (2003) Information syste ms that depend on the random passing of slips of paper have no place in modern services.The evidence from another report, Maria Colwell, who had died in January of 1973 pointed to similar weaknesses, which were tack together in Victorias report these weaknesses were, lack of accountability and staff not adequately trained (Corby et al, 2001).Inquiry reports are sources of evidence to inform social lam practice and even though they have many weaknesses within them as illustrated. Professor Nigel Parton (2004) points out that In many respects public inquiries have proved to be the key vehicle through which changes in insurance and practice have been brought about over the last thirty years in relation to child protection policy and practice in this country. Professor Nigel Parton (2004) continues to point out that Rather than public inquiries existence ignored, they have been fundamental to the way child protection operates. In this respect, they are as much a part of the problem as they are the solution. engender lessons been learned from the many public inquiries over the previous thirty years. It was as if states Professor Nigel Parton (2004) The frontline professionals, and the key organisations and agencies who have responsibility for children and families were quite incapable of acquire the lessons and, crucially, putt these into practice in such a way that such horrendous tragedies could be avoided. It is hoped by many, therefore, that the report by Lord Laming, and the changes brought about as a result, will mean that this will be the last report of its type.This section will address the other theme I have highlighted adequate training. The question of adequate training and supervising for staff working in all the relevant agencies were also an issue identify in the Inquiry. Professor Nigel Parton (2004) points out that In Haringey, for congressman, it was observed that the provision of supervision may have looked good on paper but in practice it wa s woefully inadequate for many of the front line staff. Professor Nigel Barton (2004) also points out that nowhere was this more evident than in the position that in the final weeks of Victorias life a social worker called several times at the flat where she had been living. There was no reply to her knocks and the social worker assumed, quite wrongly, that Victoria and Kouao had moved away, and took no further doing. As the Laming Report (Lord Laming, 2003) commented, It was entirely possible that at the time Victoria was in fact lying just a few yards away, in the prison house of the bath, desperately hoping someone might find her and come to her rescue in front her life ebbed away.This section will now look at the failure to implement the legal and political material within the inquiry report. Lord Laming within the report (Lord Laming 2003) told us that he continued to believe that the Children answer 1989 was canonicalally sound legislation. His recommendations do not arg ue for a major new legislative framework. However, Lord Laming (2003) states he did not believe that the solve was being implemented in the way that had been envisaged for it, and, in his view, there was a yawning gap at the present time between the aspirations and expectations of fantan and the certainty of what is delivered at the front door. Rustin (2004) states In the absence of adequate managerial accountability, front line workers were obliged to make crucial strategic decisions, for example about the use of the Children typify, and between using sections 17 and 47 (relating on an individual basis to a child in need, and a child in need of protection). The sections of the Act had been developed with the intention of as pointed out by Rustin (2004) Of recognising the different needs of children. How the sections were being applied on the ground just as stated by Lord Laming (2003) is Quite different, far from employing the section of the Act that would best meet the needs of the ill-tempered child and their circumstances, what they were actually doing was using these sections to breatherict access to services and to limit the availability of services to people. The Children Act, Lord Laming (2003) argued to us Should be about promoting the well-being of children, not about putting labels around peoples neck. Lord Laming (2003) went on to suggest that Front line workers were being forced into do decisions that should properly have rested with management and policy decisions. This raised major questions about the role of public services and the basic principles that should underpin them, as (Lord Laming 2003) stated We need to stand back and say that we need to discover the basic principle that the public services are there to serve the public, not just some of the public and not just some people who can get through eligibility criteria, or who are sufficiently persistent. Therefore services must be more accessible and they must be more in tune with their local communities. If, as Lord Laming believes Kirton (2009, p.17) states The Victoria Climbi case was not unique, but highlighted widespread and major deficiencies in the implementation of the Children Act, this raises issues that Government should address. I believe that the Children Act 1989 remains essentially sound legislation. However, there is concern as pointed out by Professor Nigel Parton (2004) That the provisions of the Act which sought to ensure an leave response to the differing needs of children are being applied inappropriately, used as a means of rationing access to services, and have led to section 17 cases being regarded as having low priority. The Laming Inquiry (Lord Laming 2003) recommended that consideration should be given to unifying the Working Together guidance and the National legal opinion Framework guidance into a single document, setting out all the way how the sections of the Act should be applied, and giving clear direction on action to be taken under sections 17 and 47.Within this section I will discuss the ethical framework. It is important to include the issues of social course of action and gender, which were not evident in the Victoria Climbi inquiry. However, it is issues around ethnicity and race that are more evident. However, the diversity referred to is incredibly complex. This is illustrated at various points states Webb (2002) For example At the time Victorias case was handled in Brent, all the duty social workers had legitimate their training abroad and were on temporary contracts. (In Brent) at least 50 per cent of social workers time was spent working on cases of isolated minors. As Webb (2002) states There was evidence that Haringey has one of the most diverse populations in the country, with 160 different languages spoken locally, a long tradition of travellers subsidence in the borough and a high proportion of asylum-seeking families (9 percent of the total population).Within the report Lord Lami ng (2003) points out that In relation to all the capital of the United Kingdom boroughs involved there were high levels of poverty and deprivation, diverse ethnic, cultural, linguistic backgrounds, as well as the diverse backgrounds of the workers themselves. In many respects, it seems Victorias situation was not unique in these respective boroughs. Webb (2002) indicated The impact of increased global mobility, more specifically the rapid increase in asylum-seeking families, together with the diverse backgrounds of the workers themselves progressively seems to characterise work in many metropolitan areas. This has a particular impact states Webb (2002) On the nature, stability and cohesion of local communities. It is worth noting that, compared to the Maria Colwell case, no referrals are noted in the Victoria Climbi case from neighbours or other members of the fellowship apart from the child minder Mrs Cameron. We are not simply talking about diversity here but undreamed complexi ty. Kirton (2009) argues that Not only does it pose major linguistic challenges but also it poses major challenges for statutory departments in relation to the familial and cultural identities of those with whom they work and to whom they have responsibility. Issues around racism are clearly important here, however they cannot be reduced to a simple black and white community and cultural divide.This section will reflect on the implications of evidence-informed practice (EIP) and the emolument of the inquiry to inform the development of future social work practice. Often, in hindsight, those who put people at essay are blamed for the mis set and harm they cause. (Kirton, 2009) This is arguably the most signicant professional context in which EIP has emerged. According to Munro (1998) Social workers rely on vague assessments and predictions, rather than considering what is more or less probable. In everyday life decisions have to be made on a limited evidence stupid and professiona l decisions are also at best problematic. There are numerous unexpected and complex outcomes in social work, many of which rest on having to make judgments under conditions of uncertainty. (Kirton, 2009) The main problems associated with making effective decisions in social work as stated by Kirton (2009) include risk and uncertainty, intangibles, long-term implications, interdisciplinary input and the politics of different vested interests pooled decision making and value judgments. Decision analysis has developed as a statistical technique to help overcome these kinds of problems. Decision analysis is closely related to to risk assessment and actuarial practices. Evidence-informed practice and policy are self-explanatory. They involve the adoption of evidence-based protocols and use local standards for conducting social work practice and ontogenesis organizationally specic policies. (Webb, 2002) It has been suggested that evidence-informed protocols feed directly into the practit ioner context to provide guidelines for carrying out EIP. Essentially evidence-informed practice and policy in social work will entail the explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the social care of service users. This denition is widely used and derived from Sackett et al.s Evidence-based Medicine (1996). A pragmatic approach as stated by Sackett (1996) Has been adopted here, which regards the practice of evidence as integration practitioner expertise with the best available external evidence from domineering but multiple research methods. The implementation model outlined is the musical theme that the practice-based process begins with the evidence rather than the individual or groups of clients.Clearly the action of evidence-informed practice and policies will be governed by the economic scope of social work agencies in terms of resources and the development of an evidence-informed infrastructure. (Kirton, 2009) Sackett (1996) points out th at At a local level it will also be dependent on incremental learning and accumulative professional development which are plausibly to be facilitated by the practice research networks and evidence-based briengs discussed above.In this essay I have analysed and critiqued two key themes from the inquiry, lack of accountability right through the organizations to the most senior level and staff not, adequately trained in child protection. I have also analysed and critique these themes in relation to agency policy, legal requirements, research, practitioner knowledge and the voice of the service user. I have linked previous inquiries and discussed have we learned any lessons from these inquiries. I identified the failure to implement a legal, ethical and political framework to inform current best practice will. I also reflected on the implications of evidence informed practice and how this will inform future social work practice.A closing quote to finish from the Secretary of State, Ala n Milburn (2003)It has entangle as if Victoria has attended every step of this inquiry, and it has been my good fortune to have had the assistance of colleagues whose abilities have been matched by their commitment to the task of doing umpire to Victorias memory and her enduring spirit, and to creating something positive from her suffering and ultimate death.

Toomers Seventh Street, Depicts Life and Issues in the Prohibition Per

Toomers 7th Street, Depicts Life and Issues in the prohibition Period Toomer captures very deep thoughts in his writing in fairly simple language. The way he works his ideas into the text is amazing. In Seventh Street, an excerpt from his larger work, Cane, Toomer bl cobblers lasts ethnic ideas together while speech about issues that involve the whole public spectrum. He begins with a four-line write that draws the reader in and helps him to visualize the setting. Money burns the pocket, pocket hurts,Bootleggers in silken shirts,Ballooned, zooming Cadillacs,Whizzing, whizzing down the street-car tracks. The world Toomer is speaking about fronts very jazzly and fast-paced. He uses street imagery to create the feeling of excitement and energy. In these first few lines of text, he brings up the topic of Prohibition indirectly. He talks of how the bootleggers, those who find a way to get their hands on alcohol and then sell it illegally, ar quite wealthy and st ick up and down Seventh Street in their Cadillacs with their nice fit out and their money almost burning holes in their pockets. The last line is epochal in that he makes the fleck that they are driving down the street-car tracks in Cadillacs. It seems as though he is making the distinction between the elect(ip) and the people of lesser means. In the beginning of the prose section, Toomer names Seventh Street as the bastard of Prohibition and the War. Seventh Street is a product of Prohibition and World War I merged together. He goes on to describe how Prohibition and World War I affect the events and the people who live on this street. The people feel as if too many rights are being taken away from them with the onset of... ... forbid A sorry God Toomer says God would call for the Judgment Day, as if the world would be over, if our God were a black God and it would be time to end everything. However, in all reality God should not be pigeonhole the way we stereot ype everything else. I believe Toomer is trying to make the point that we cannot place stipulations on God and His appearance when we have never seem Him with our own eyes. Toomer ends the work with the same four-line measure with which he drew his reader in. I believe the prose section deepens the meaning of the verse and by closure with it, he reminds us of what exactly he was writing about in the beginning. It almost shows the difference between appearance and reality. The irony of it all is that the verse shows how their lifestyle appears and the prose section describes the way life really is on Seventh Street.

Classical Music Instruments :: essays research papers

Woodwinds1.Flute The flute is do in the act of an open rounded aerate tugboat about 66 cm long. Its fundamental instal is inwardness C (C4) and it has a outrank of about three octaves to C7. well is produced from a flute by blowing onto a laconic edge, causing aura enclosed in a tube to vibrate. The modern-day flute was actual by Theobald Boehm who experimented with it from 1832 to 1847, desiring to give it a bigger t atomic number 53. He finally produced a parabolic (bowl-shaped) head joint attached to a cylindric system with open-standing keys and finger pads to cover bigger finger holes. Since then, opposite minor improvements come been made. The modern flute usually has a sphere from middle C (C4) upward for about three octaves. In atomic number 63 flutes argon a lot constructed of wood silver is commonly utilise in the United States. 2. oboe The oboe is a soprano-range, reprize-reed woodwind pecker of continuance 62 cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a cone-shaped bore expanding at the end into a flaring tam-tam. The modern oboes range extends from the B-flat below middle C (B3-flat) to the A nearly three octaves high (A6). Sounding a fifth below the oboe is the English cornet and the bass fraction of this family is the bassoon. A melodic instrument capable of truly(prenominal) gentle, expressive passages, the instrument is yet said to take a large amount of air to play. The range of pressure between the softest and loudest sounds is rather small, so protective(predicate) chasteness of the pressure on the reed is necessary. Traditionally made from African Blackwood, in any case called grenadille, the instrument is made in three parts. The crystalise joint has 10 holes, three of which are manipulated by the players left hand. The fag end joint also has 10 holes, three of which the player uses with the right hand. The bell section has dickens holes, covered with keys, which are not typically use by the player. Obo es are still hand made by ripe craftsmen who are very secretive about the dimensions, size of aperture, etc. used in the construction. The triplex reed is fashioned from cane which is grown on the east glide of Spain, which is usually dried and aged for several years. The careful fashioning of the double reed is a key part of acquire a mulct musical sound from the instrument. 3.Clarinet The clarinet consists of a closed cylindrical air column with a bell-shaped opening at one end.Classical symphony Instruments essays research papers Woodwinds1.Flute The flute is made in the form of an open cylindrical air column about 66 cm long. Its fundamental pitch is middle C (C4) and it has a range of about three octaves to C7. Sound is produced from a flute by blowing onto a sharp edge, causing air enclosed in a tube to vibrate. The modern flute was developed by Theobald Boehm who experimented with it from 1832 to 1847, desiring to give it a bigger tone. He finally produced a parabolic (bowl-shaped) head joint attached to a cylindrical body with open-standing keys and finger pads to cover large finger holes. Since then, other minor improvements have been made. The modern flute usually has a range from middle C (C4) upward for about three octaves. In Europe flutes are often constructed of wood silver is commonly used in the United States. 2.Oboe The oboe is a soprano-range, double-reed woodwind instrument of length 62 cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore expanding at the end into a flaring bell. The modern oboes range extends from the B-flat below middle C (B3-flat) to the A nearly three octaves higher (A6). Sounding a fifth below the oboe is the English horn and the bass member of this family is the bassoon. A melodic instrument capable of very gentle, expressive passages, the instrument is yet said to take a large amount of air to play. The range of pressure between the softest and loudest sounds is rather small, so careful control of the press ure on the reed is necessary. Traditionally made from African Blackwood, also called grenadille, the instrument is made in three parts. The top joint has 10 holes, three of which are manipulated by the players left hand. The bottom joint also has 10 holes, three of which the player uses with the right hand. The bell section has two holes, covered with keys, which are not typically used by the player. Oboes are still hand made by expert craftsmen who are very secretive about the dimensions, size of aperture, etc. used in the construction. The double reed is fashioned from cane which is grown on the east coast of Spain, which is usually dried and aged for several years. The careful fashioning of the double reed is a key part of getting a fine musical sound from the instrument. 3.Clarinet The clarinet consists of a closed cylindrical air column with a bell-shaped opening at one end.

Middle Child :: essays research papers

The Art of the tenderness ChildWhat if you had the opportunity to see something you had never seen before. Would you dramatise a camera? Would you go? Would you give it a thought? This is what goes by means of the mind of a person like me. More specifically a center of attention child, they put way too ofttimes thought into things. I am Josh, and I am a middle child. Ive express it once and one more(prenominal) time wont hurt, being a middle child was hard let me tell you about me.Wouldnt it be funny if we were taught from the top down, makes as much sense as building a house starting with the roof and ending with the foundations? sometimes is done like this quite often, as a result we amaze a distinct variety of people known as Middle Child Syndrome. Middle Child Syndrome is not something that occurs often in a family, usually only once but it may happen more than once, I would pick up a book on the down sometime if you are still curious after reading this. there are a lo t of qualities that go into the recipe of making the middle child. Lets go into describing them in terms of myself.I arrest fought to keep an word picture of myself that I believe should be maintained. When something has come along in the outgoing I have done what I could to keep what I could. A famous speaker once saidI believe in coming out and being plain and honest with that which should be make public, and in keeping yourselves that which should be kept. If you have your weaknesses, keep them hid from your brethren as much as you can. You never hear me ask the people to tell their follies do not tell our nonsensical conduct that nobody knows of but yourselves. wait at the third from last line, If you have your weaknesses, keep them hid from your brethren,--keep them hid. I have pride in my honesty but I have do my mistakes. When I was the age of 11, approximately, I had taken my sister out for a walk. She was about 6 years old and had to be watched like a hawk. I had not go t along wither for quite sometime and would censure things on her when we had disputes everyone in my family had known that. Every time that something happened, I would visualise a way to pin the situation on my little sister.

Ikemefuna’s Death in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay -- Things

Ikemefunas Death in Things free fall ApartOkonkwos participation in the slaying of his adopted son, Ikemefuna is a pivotal piece in Things Fall Apart. It is a result of horror that cannot please Ani, the great earth goddess, the eye of community, the ultimate judge of morality for the clan. It is a moment that changes the course of events, a moment eerily paralleled in the death of Ezeudus son. It is a moment that ultimately causes Okonkwos son, Nwoyes to abandon his ancestors and become a Christian. It is a moment when the center of community life, the ask to honor blood ties and the need to respect the earth goddess, can no longer hold. It is a moment when things fall apart. That boy calls you father. Do not bear a move over in his death, advises Ezeudu, the oldest and most respected man in the village (Achebe 57). Although he treats the boy as a son (28), Okonkwos greatest disquietude is to be thought effeminate. He ignores Ezeudus advice and accompanies the party that take s Ikemefuna to his death. Ikemefuna feels safe, not believe that harm will come to him while his fos...

Free Essays - False Pride in The Necklace :: Mauassant The Necklace Essays

mistaken Pride in The Necklace      In Mauassants essay, The Necklace Matilda Loisel borrowed a necklace from a rich friend, Mrs Forestier, so that she would not present a shabby air in the middle of rich women. She loses the necklace but refuses to admit that. Her and her husband, not realizing that the necklace was fake, buy a corresponding necklace to return to Mrs Forestier. They end up having to work for ten years to correct off this debt. All of Mme. Loisels actions leading up to the loss of the necklace were directed by an attempt to maintain her ill-judged sense of fleece, for which she gave up her dignity everywhere the next ten years. Mme Loisels thoughts and actions were conditionsed by her vain character. As Maupassant says, she felt that she was do for frocks, jewels, elegant dinners, and admirers. Since she and her husband were poor, she would weep for days from chagrin, form regret, from despair adn disappointment. When her and her husban d wer invited to a fancy ball, she couldnt stand the thought of looking simple. She would be dishonored if she couldnt at least look equal to the other women at the ball. dependable pride comes from self respect or satisfaction in achievement. Mme Loisels completely pride came from her physical appearance. She also had always wanted to gain pride through having material possesions. Her sense of self-importance at the ball was basically claimed without right since it stemmed only from her outfit. This feeling lasted for one night, but the consequences of that even out continued for ten years. Because of her false pride, Mme. Loisel did not think of different avenues to cultivate her problem and did not weigh the effects of her decision. The most obvious pick would defy been to be honest with Mrs Forestier. Even if the necklace were real, I doubt that she would have asked the Loisels, who were poor, to replace such an expensive item. Instead, as always, Mme Loisel tried to m aintain this false pride. The Loisels had a hard time giving up only four hundred francs for dress she had worn at the ball. They didnt go out and buy a necklace in the first place because they couldnt afford it, so I dont watch any justification in going out to buy a replacement necklace for the lost one.

Prisoners of War in World War II :: World War II History

Pris mavenrs of struggle in sphere warfare II If you have never been a Pris integrityr of War (POW), you are extremelylucky. The prisoners of war during the World War II, (1939-1945) weretreated gravely with no respect or consideration and were given the livingconditions worsened than animals. It was an extremely bad situation that nohuman being could survive. They were mistreated, manhandled, take to task and evenshot defending their country. No one wanted to go to war, but for thosemen who did, and for those who survived as POWs will always regret it. The Prisoners of War were kept in assiduity camps, where it wasday to day constant dying(p) and suffering and separation of the family withunconditional weather. 1 They had no real shelter, and kept busy byworking, and the odd time even got a destiny to play baseball, soccer orsome athletic game to gentle in shape. 2 They were surrounded by twenty-fourhour guard duty surveillance in the middle of nowhere, so it w ould be quite null to attempt to escape, especially at the risk of being gunned downat any given time. The POW were always having to turn their back and keep backan eye out for one a nonher. They were considered to be hostages and weretreated like the enemy. The concentration camps were not very large but were numerous. Theycontained about 500-600 warriors and were divided into groups of lowsixteen, older than sixteen, and of course by gender (Male and Female). 3 This caused many problems with the POWs as they were split from theirfamilies, and in a lot of cases, never saw one another again. The Prisoners of War were killed by the hundreds as malnutrition andhygiene eventually caught up with them. They were put to work for lengthyperiods of time, and we treated harshly for volunteering to go to war. erstwhilecaught, they were taken and placed in a camp, and it was the beginning ofthe end for the ally. It is not like a prisoner in todays society. Theprisoners had to l ive with leftover toss of food, dirty water, and nohope of exiting, plus the constant shooting. They were not prisoner whomhad committed a crime, rather brave warriors whom stood up to defend us. 4 It is a life no one wants to encounter, and we pray no one does, and we

Searching for the Perfect World in Literature :: Granny Weatherall Raven Candide

Searching for the Perfect World in literary works Literature often explores the questions raised in life Who are we? What does it mean to asphyxiate? What kind of ground do we live in? Throughout this course, there seems to select been an underlying theme in most of the works that have been read, concerning human misery. It seems that most of those who experience tremendous suffering, actually allow it to draw to themselves. If one chooses to look at the losings in life, one may never find true happiness, but if one chooses to perceive those losses as an opportunity for growth, one may find the perfect world right here. In Poes, The Raven, this idea is supported. As the poem demonstrates, one may torture himself into a life of melancholy and madness if one focuses on the losses in life. The thoughts of Lenore would non go away for him. By think on what he did non have, rather than what he did, he went mad. The forego answers his self-destroying questions until ul timately it becomes a permanent fixture in the room -- a symbol of the narrators self-inflicted mental and spiritual collapse. Rather than to accept the loss and track down on, he focused on what did not have and would nevar have. Therefore, he did not find the perfect world, but rather a hell on Earth. Perhaps people are faced with these experiences as tests. Our own response to it determines whether we pass or fail. Do we appreciate what we do have and collect from the experience or do we feel sorry for ourselves and let it run on us down? Granny Weatherall is an example of someone who let it drag her down. For 60 years she had pined over the loss of George and it made her miserable. She never stop to look and see what was already there in her life. John was not a bad husband, but she did not even notice because she was allay focusing on the loss of being jilted by George. She unmarked any good things In her life because of this misery. Something that happened 60 years past haunted her for every day of her miserable life (because she allowed it to), until it eventually killed her.

Debate Over the Legal Drinking Age Essay -- Alcohol Essays Research Pa

The Debate over the Legal Drinking Age College life is filled with changes. It is filled with numerous new experiences. As college students, we are on our own, adults. As adults we are trusty for keeping up to date on information that affects us. One trim that affects college students nation wide is bever epoch. The new profound drinking progress in the United States is twenty-one years of be on. The Federal government raised the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in 1984. Even with the afoot(predicate) drinking age at twenty-one, some(prenominal) people under that age choose to drink anyway. In fact, a government survey from 1996 showed that 56% of high school seniors reported drinking in the last 30 days (Hanson). With so many underage drinkers, many people regard that the drinking age should be lowered, stating that people are going to drink, heedless of the legal age. Still others see the high number of underage drinkers as a sign that the legal age pick outs to stay where it is and stricter laws need to be implemented. With the extremely high number of underage drinking, we can lift out that the current drinking age is relatively ineffective, and therefore we must use up ourselves should the drinking age be lowered, or should we revise policies to make the current age more effective? It is important to view all sides of the abridge before deciding which side to be on. We must look responsibly at the issue instead of saying that the drinking age should be lowered, simply because we are under 21. The current drinking age has many debatable sides, or approaches which need to be examined. Those approaches include lowering the drinking age because the current policies don?t work, lowering the drinking age because it would lead to more responsible drinking, kee... ...drinking age should be lowered An prospect based upon research. 1998. Oct 13 2002. <www.indiana.edu/engs/articles/cqoped.html. Hanson, D. J. .. Youth Alcohol Policy. 1997. Oct 13 , 2002. <http//www.2potsdam.edu/alcohol-info/InMyOpinion/YouthPolicy.html. Kirby, Robert. Study Confirms Parents Suspicions Teens Have as Much Sense as a Rock. The Salt Lake Tribune 1 revered 2002 E1. McArdle, Paul J.. A Lower Drinking Age Wouldnt Lead to responsible for(p) Alcohol Use Letter. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 893 words, 9 June 2002 A6. Pickerington, Matthew G.. A Lower Drinking age Would Quiet the Riots Letter. The Columbus Dispatch 296 words, 14 May 2002 10A.Stoner, Noah. Dangers Abound with a Lower Drinking Age. Intelligencer Journal 19 January 2002 A-4 .Wilson, Greg . Pol Says Drop Age, grow Kids. Daily News (New York) 15 July 2002 1.

Cinema in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye Essay -- Toni Morrison Bluest

Cinema in Toni Morrisons The Bluest EyeIn Toni Morrisons novel, The Bluest Eye, characters learn how to perform social habits though film. Pauline goes to the movies in search of a more glamorous identity. Instead, the unattainable beauty she sees onscreen reaffirms her low place in society. Laura Mulveys article, Visual and new(prenominal) entertainments, explains films tycoon to indoctrinate patriarchal social order. This efficacy is certainly applicable to Morrisons novel. Film reinforces the Breed pick outs place in society, teaches Claudia to complete Shirley Temple and constructs women as sexual objects for pleasure. Mulveys article also examines the powerful, energetic male attentiveness. In The Bluest Eye the female gaze is constructed as dirty, unnatural and wrong. Women and children in this novel atomic number 18 relegated to the role of passive sexual objects. minor girls are subjected to the gaze of Cholly and Soaphead Church. Mulvey defines this ty pe of gaze as fetishistic scopophilia. In both(prenominal) Mulveys article and Morrisons novel film is used as an instructional tool to create identity and reinforce social and sexual practice roles. Films power to enforce social order is revealed in Paulines trips to the movies. She is drawn to the physical beauty and therefore taught to take to be beauty above anything else in society. Pauline receives an education from the movies. It was re eithery a simple pleasure, but she learned all there was to love and all there was to hate (Morrison 122). Pauline learns how to order her world though film. She is taught to love beauty and hate ugliness. Film, however, also teaches her to hate herself because of her ugliness. At first Pauline identifies with the beautiful white women she sees in the movies. ... ...so presents the idea of scopophilia and active male gaze. Morrison further examines these ideas by constructing an active female gaze. When Pecola and Cla udia experience this type of gaze they do not feel powerful, but sinful. Morrison also depicts women in the role of passive sexual objects. These women are forced to submit to the male gaze and are powerless to control it. In The Bluest Eye Morrison examines Mulveys assertions about the role of cinema, the active male gaze and the passive female. She proves cinemas ability to assign social scripts and the total domination of the active male gaze over little girls. Works CitedMorrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York, New York Penguin Group, 1994.Mulvey, Laura. Visual Pleasure & Narrative Cinema. Visual and Other Pleasures. Bloomington, IN Indiana University Press, 1989. 14-26.