Political Parties in the United States Essay -- Papers USA Government

Political Parties in the United StatesWhen the founders of the American republic wrote the U.S. Constitution in 1787, they did not envision a constituent for political parties in the governmental order. Indeed, they sought through various constitutional arrangements such as separation of powers, checks and balances, and indirect election of the president by an electoral college to insulate the new republic from political parties and factions. In spite of the founders intentions, the United States was the first nation to develop parties organized on a bailiwick radix and to transfer executive power from one faction to another via an election in 1800. THE EMERGENCE AND PERVASIVENESS OF POLITICAL PARTIES The development of political parties was closely linked to the auxiliary of the suffrage as qualifications requiring property ownership to vote were lifted during the early 1800s. With a vastly expanded electorate, a means was required to bait great deal of voters. Political parti es became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. Thus parties in America emerged as a part of this democratic revolution, and by the 1830s were a heavily completed part of the political firmament. Today, the Republican and Democratic parties totally pervade the political process. Approximately two-thirds of Americans consider themselves either Republicans or Democrats, and even those who say that they be independents ordinarily have partisan leanings and exhibit high levels of partisan loyalty. For example, on average 75 percent of independents who leaned either toward the Republicans or the Democrats voted for their preferred partys presidential campaigner in the five presidential elections held between 1980 and 1996. The p... ...n of protest voting for third-party candidates. Gallup polls revealed that in 1992, 5 percent of Perots voters said they would not vote for him if they thought he could win. terce parties and independent candidates also face a potential ly daunting postelection bother in the event they are successful in winning the presidency. This, of course, is the problem of authorities staffing an administration and then working with a Congress dominated by Republicans and Democrats who would have only limited incentives to cooperate with a non-major-party president. John F. Bibby is a prof of political science at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and is the former chairman of the American Political Science Associations political parties subfield. An authority on U.S. politics and government, Bibby has authored Politics, Parties, and Elections in America. Political Parties in the United States Essay -- Papers USA Government Political Parties in the United StatesWhen the founders of the American republic wrote the U.S. Constitution in 1787, they did not envision a role for political parties in the governmental order. Indeed, they sought through various constitutional arrangements such as separation of po wers, checks and balances, and indirect election of the president by an electoral college to insulate the new republic from political parties and factions. In spite of the founders intentions, the United States was the first nation to develop parties organized on a national basis and to transfer executive power from one faction to another via an election in 1800. THE EMERGENCE AND PERVASIVENESS OF POLITICAL PARTIES The development of political parties was closely linked to the extension of the suffrage as qualifications requiring property ownership to vote were lifted during the early 1800s. With a vastly expanded electorate, a means was required to mobilize masses of voters. Political parties became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. Thus parties in America emerged as a part of this democratic revolution, and by the 1830s were a firmly established part of the political firmament. Today, the Republican and Democratic parties totally pervade the political process. A pproximately two-thirds of Americans consider themselves either Republicans or Democrats, and even those who say that they are independents normally have partisan leanings and exhibit high levels of partisan loyalty. For example, on average 75 percent of independents who leaned either toward the Republicans or the Democrats voted for their preferred partys presidential candidate in the five presidential elections held between 1980 and 1996. The p... ...n of protest voting for third-party candidates. Gallup polls revealed that in 1992, 5 percent of Perots voters said they would not vote for him if they thought he could win. Third parties and independent candidates also face a potentially daunting postelection problem in the event they are successful in winning the presidency. This, of course, is the problem of governing staffing an administration and then working with a Congress dominated by Republicans and Democrats who would have only limited incentives to cooperate with a non-ma jor-party president. John F. Bibby is a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and is the former chairman of the American Political Science Associations political parties subfield. An authority on U.S. politics and government, Bibby has authored Politics, Parties, and Elections in America.

Dionysus :: essays research papers fc

DionysusWinter squalls are drained out of the sky. The violet sea discussionof flowering spring smiles. The black earthly concern glitters undergreen lawns. Swelling plants pop open with tiny petals.Meadows laugh and suck the morning dew, while the roseunfolds.The shepherd in the hills happily blows the circus tent notes of hispipe. The gathered gloats over his white kids. Sailors raceacross the thrashing waves. Their canvas full of the harmless breeze. Drinkers acclaim the grape-giverDionysus, capping their hair with flowering ivy. (Bernard).Dionysus, in Greek mythology is a god of wine and vegetation, who showed mortals how to cultivate grapevines and make wine. He was good and gentle to those who honored him, but he brought madness and destruction upon those who spurned him or the orgiastic rituals of his cult (Wendell 23)The yearly rites in honor of the resurrection of Dionysus gradually evolved into the structured form of the Greek drama, and burning(prenominal) festivals w ere held in honor of the god, during which great dramatic competitions were conducted. The most important festival, the Greater Dionysia, was held in Athens for five days each spring. It was for this celebration that the Greek dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote their great tragedies. Also, after the 5th century BC, Dionysus was known to the Greeks as Bacchus.Dionysus is the son of Zeus and Semele. He is the only god to have a mortal parent. The birth of Dionysus began when Zeus came to Semele in the night, invisible, felt only as a master presence. Semele was pleased to be a lover of a god, even though she did not know which one. Word soon got around and Hera quickly assumed who was responsible. Hera went to Semele in disguise and convinced her that she should see her lover as he really was. When Zeus visited her again, she made him promise to grant her one wish. She went so far as to make him swear on the River Syx that he would grant her request. Zeus, was madly in love and agreed. She then asked him to show her his true form. Zeus, was unhappy, and knew what would happen, but having sworn he had no choice. He appeared in his true form and Semel was instantly burn to a crisp by the sight of his glory. Zeus did manage to rescue Dionysus, and stitched him into his second joint to hold him until he was ready to be born.

Privatization of Electricity in Tanzania :: essays research papers fc

Privatization of Electricity in TanzaniaThe story of Tanzania, from pre-colonialist period to presentTanzania, located in East Africa, is one of the least developed countries in the world. According to the UNDP Human Development Index, Tanzania ranked 162 kayoed of 177 countries in the 2004 survey (UNDP2004, HDI), with one being the approximately developed. According to the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) prepared by Tanzanian officials for the World Bank, half of Tanzanians 36.6 million people are characterized as ugly and one-third live in abject poverty(WB PRSP p.1). Tanzanians have a life expectancy of 43.5 years, a fertility rate of 5.1 births per woman, an HIV prevalence of 8.8%, and a population growth rate of 1.95% (UNDP 2004). Agriculture makes up half of the countrys GDP, 85% of the exports, and 80% of the labor force (CIA 2004). Culturally, Tanzanians are made up of 130 different tribes, each speaking their own mother tongue. The official languages of Tanzania are Kiswahili and English, with English being the main language in commerce, administration, and higher procreation (CIA 2004). Kiswahili is a mix of Bantu languages, English, and Arabic, and is indicative of the millennia old history of trade with the outside world. Records of trade routes with the Middle East date back to the 1st light speed AD (govt web early history).Zanzibar and the coastal town of Bagamoya were the hubs of the East African hard worker trade, active for well over a thousand years (pilot). art object the early slave trade with the Middle East existed only on a small scale, transporting around 100 slaves at a time, the appearance of Europeans in the 17th century ratcheted up the trade to a much larger scale and level of organization, at its height moving 15,000 slaves a year out of East Africa (pilot). Serious efforts to end the slave trade began in the 19th century, though the trade continued through the German occupation of then German East Africa in the la tter part of the century. In 1919 after World War I, Britain took over German East Africa, renaming it Tanganyika, and permanently put an end to the slave trade (govt web colonial period ). Tanganyika attained independence from British rule in 1961 and Zanzibar followed soon after in 1963, ending the existence of the British mandated territory. Tanzania was formed in 1964 by uniting the mainland, Tanganyika, and the islands of Zanzibar. An excerpt from the Tanzanian National Website displays an interesting official interpretation of the lingering effects of centuries of occupation by foreigners (my emphasis)

Relationship between Sublime and Magical Realism Explored in The Monkey

Relationship between Sublime and sorcerous reality Explored in The play From the beginning of The Monkey, a short story located inwardly Isak Dinesens anthology Seven medieval Tales, the reader is taken back to a storytime world he or she may remember from childhood. Dinesens 1934 example of what has been determine as the Gothic Sublime sets the stage for analysis of its relationship to other types of writings. What constitutes Sublime literature? More importantly, how may sublime literature relate to Magical Realist literature? through and through examination of The Monkey, the relationship between Sublime literature and Magical Realist literature stop be defined. Scholars give way traced the history of Sublime literature back to the terzetto century literary critic Longinus. In his work Peri Hypsos, he lays the groundwork for the Sublime literature that still exists today. Sublimity is always an eminence and excellence in oral communication (qtd. in Arensberg 3). Ex cellence and eminence are conveyed through rhetorical devices found in the text. some of these devices are also found in works identified as Magical Realist works of literature. Longinus peculiaritys are evidenced throughout The Monkey. One such characteristic is the use of elevated language to describe a look or action The Prioress received her nephew within her lofty parlor. Its three tall windows looked out, between heavy curtains which had on them borders of flower garlands done in cross-stich, oer the lawns and avenues of the autumnal garden. From the damask-clad walls her long-departed father and mother gazed down, out of broad gilt frames, with military gravity and youthful grace, powered and laced for some gr... ...ic realms cannot merge. For these reasons, based on the examination of these two works, one cannot assume that Sublime literature and Magical Realist literature are the same, nor can one assume that they are genres of one another. They seem to have ma ny characteristics in common, and therefore one would assume that they maintain a close relationship, although independently. By comparing and contrasting another genre of literature with Magical Realism, the defining boundaries that make up Magical Realism are narrowed. Works Cited Arensberg, Mary. The American Sublime. capital of New York State University of New York Press, 1986. Dinesen, Isak. Seven Gothic Tales. New York Harrison smith and Robert Haas Inc., 1934. Esquivel, Laura. Like Water for Chocolate. New York Doubleday, 1992. Longinus. On the Sublime. Cambridge Harvard UP, 1995. Relationship between Sublime and Magical Realism Explored in The MonkeyRelationship between Sublime and Magical Realism Explored in The Monkey From the beginning of The Monkey, a short story located within Isak Dinesens anthology Seven Gothic Tales, the reader is taken back to a storytime world he or she may remember from childhood. Dinesens 1934 example of what has been identi fied as the Gothic Sublime sets the stage for analysis of its relationship to other types of literature. What constitutes Sublime literature? More importantly, how may sublime literature relate to Magical Realist literature? Through examination of The Monkey, the relationship between Sublime literature and Magical Realist literature can be defined. Scholars have traced the history of Sublime literature back to the third century literary critic Longinus. In his work Peri Hypsos, he lays the groundwork for the Sublime literature that still exists today. Sublimity is always an eminence and excellence in language (qtd. in Arensberg 3). Excellence and eminence are conveyed through rhetorical devices found in the text. Many of these devices are also found in works identified as Magical Realist works of literature. Longinus characteristics are evidenced throughout The Monkey. One such characteristic is the use of elevated language to describe a scene or action The Prioress received her nephew within her lofty parlor. Its three tall windows looked out, between heavy curtains which had on them borders of flower garlands done in cross-stich, over the lawns and avenues of the autumnal garden. From the damask-clad walls her long-departed father and mother gazed down, out of broad gilt frames, with military gravity and youthful grace, powered and laced for some gr... ...ic realms cannot merge. For these reasons, based on the examination of these two works, one cannot assume that Sublime literature and Magical Realist literature are the same, nor can one assume that they are genres of one another. They seem to have many characteristics in common, and therefore one would assume that they maintain a close relationship, although independently. By comparing and contrasting another genre of literature with Magical Realism, the defining boundaries that make up Magical Realism are narrowed. Works Cited Arensberg, Mary. The American Sublime. Albany State University of N ew York Press, 1986. Dinesen, Isak. Seven Gothic Tales. New York Harrison Smith and Robert Haas Inc., 1934. Esquivel, Laura. Like Water for Chocolate. New York Doubleday, 1992. Longinus. On the Sublime. Cambridge Harvard UP, 1995.

Blue Crabs :: essays research papers

The scientific name given to the black crab was derived from Latin and GreekCalli, beautiful nectes, swimmer and sapidus, savory. Thus, a literaltransition might be the beautiful savory swimmer.The blue crab is an important and interesting species. The blue crab isa species whose life bill involves a complex cycle of planktonic, nektonic,and benthic stages which occur passim the marine environment in avariety of habitats. The blue crab is one of the more abundant estuarineinvertebrates and supports important commercial and recreational fisheriesalong the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. The blue crab plays an important role inthe marine sustenance web, providing prey for many species and a predator on otherspecies. The blue crab is a highly prized commodity to consumers. Eight species of Callinectes have been documented in the Gulf ofMexico C. bocourti, C. danae, C. ornatus, C. exasperatus, C. marginatus, C.similis and C. rathbunae, and Callinectes sapidus. The original range of the blue crab is from Nova Scotia and throughoutthe Gulf of Mexico to northernern Argentina. The blue crab is rarely found northof Cape Cod, but has been recorded in Maine and Nova Scotia. The blue crabhas been introduced into Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia.Introductions into the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding waters haveproduced breeding populations whereas others were believably temporaryoccurrences. The blue crab also has been introduced into Japan.Blue crabs are one of the most common marine invertebrates and aregenerally abundant throughout the oceans. Peak abundance of adult crabsoccurs during the warmer months. During winter, crabs are found in areas oftidal exchange in the lower estuary. Juvenile blue crabs are most abundant inwaters of low to intermediate salinity during the winter months.Males become sexually mature at the 18 or 19th moult but may continueto grow and molt an additional 3-4 times thereafter. Female crabs wereinitially thought to rarely, if ever, molt again following their mature molt.However, mature females undergoing a second molt have been verified.

Blue Crabs :: essays research papers

The scientific name given to the juicy crab was derived from Latin and GreekCalli, beautiful nectes, swimmer and sapidus, savory. Thus, a literaltransition might be the beautiful savory swimmer.The blue crab is an important and interesting species. The blue crab isa species whose life chronicle involves a complex cycle of planktonic, nektonic,and benthic stages which occur throughout the marine environment in avariety of habitats. The blue crab is one of the more(prenominal) abundant estuarineinvertebrates and supports important commercial and recreational fisheriesalong the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. The blue crab plays an important role inthe marine nutriment web, providing prey for many species and a predator on otherspecies. The blue crab is a highly prized commodity to consumers. Eight species of Callinectes have been enter in the Gulf ofMexico C. bocourti, C. danae, C. ornatus, C. exasperatus, C. marginatus, C.similis and C. rathbunae, and Callinectes sapidus. The original range of the blue crab is from Nova Scotia and throughoutthe Gulf of Mexico to northernmostern Argentina. The blue crab is rarely found northof Cape Cod, but has been recorded in Maine and Nova Scotia. The blue crabhas been introduced into Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia.Introductions into the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding waters haveproduced breeding populations whereas others were believably temporaryoccurrences. The blue crab also has been introduced into Japan.Blue crabs are one of the most common marine invertebrates and aregenerally abundant throughout the oceans. Peak abundance of adult crabsoccurs during the warmer months. During winter, crabs are found in areas oftidal exchange in the lower estuary. Juvenile blue crabs are most abundant inwaters of low to intermediate salinity during the winter months.Males become sexually mature at the 18 or 19th throw off but may continueto grow and molt an additional 3-4 times thereafter. Female crabs wereinitially thoug ht to rarely, if ever, molt again following their mature molt.However, mature females undergoing a second molt have been verified.

Black House Chapter One

1RIGHT HERE AND NOW, as an experienced friend apply to say, we are in the fluid present, where clear-sightedness never guarantees perfect vision. Here just nearly devil hundred feet, the height of a gliding eagle, above Wisconsins far western edge, where the vagaries of the Mississippi River declare a natural border. Now an early Friday good morning clip in mid-July a hardly a(prenominal) years into both a new century and a new loafennium, their wayward courses so hidden that a projection screen man has a better chance of seeing what lies ahead than you or I. Right here and now, the hour is just past six A.M., and the sun stands piteous in the cloudless(prenominal) eastern sky, a fat, confident yellow-white b altogether told advancing as ever for the first time toward the future and leaving in its arouse the steadily accumulating past, which darkens as it recedes, making blind men of us all.Below, the early sun touches the rivers wide, soft ripples with molten highli ghts. Sunlight glints from the tracks of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad campaign between the riverbank and the backs of the shabby two-story houses along County Road Oo, known as Nailhouse Row, the lowest point of the comfortable- porting little townsfolk extending uphill and eastward beneath us. At this moment in the Coulee Country, vitality seems to be holding its breath. The motionless argumentation around us carries such(prenominal) remarkable purity and sweetness that you might see a man could smell a radish pulled egress of the ground a mile off.Moving toward the sun, we glide extraneous from the river and everywhere the shining tracks, the backyards and roofs of Nailhouse Row, past a line of Harley-Davidson motorcycles tilted on their kickstands. These unprepossessing little houses were built, early in the century recently vanished, for the metal pourers, mold makers, and crate men active by the Pederson Nail factory. On the grounds that working stiffs w ould be un equally to complain about the flaws in their subsidized accommodations, they were constructed as cheaply as possible. (Pederson Nail, which had suffered ternary hemorrhages during the fifties, finally bled to death in 1963.) The waiting Harleys suggest that the factory transfer cause been replaced by a motorcycle gang. The uni mouldly ferocious appearance of the Harleys owners, wild-haired, bushy-bearded, swag-bellied men sporting earrings, inkiness leather jackets, and less than the full complement of teeth, would seem to support this assumption. Like most assumptions, this iodin embodies an uneasy half-truth.The current re posturent physicians of Nailhouse Row, whom suspicious locals dubbed the yawl Five soon by and by they took everyplace the houses along the river, grassnot so easily be categorized. They throw in skilled jobs in the Kingsland Brewing Company, located just out of town to the south and iodine distract east of the Mississippi. If we look to our honest, we can see the worlds largest six-pack, storage tanks painted over with gigantic Kingsland Old-Time Lager labels. The men who brisk on Nailhouse Row met one an other(a) on the Urbana-Champaign campus of the University of Illinois, where all forgetd one were undergraduates majoring in English or philosophy. (The exception was a re berthnt in surgery at the UI-UC university hospital.) They get an ironic pleasure from creation called the Thunder Five the name arrogates them as sweetly cartoonish. What they call themselves is the Hegelian Scum. These gentlemen form an interesting crew, and we will make their acquaintance later on. For now, we take aim time that to note the hand-painted posters taped to the fronts of several houses, two lamp poles, and a duplicate of prone buildings. The posters say FISHERMAN, YOU BETTER PRAY TO YOUR STINKING GOD WE DONT CATCH YOU FIRST REMEMBER AMYFrom Nailhouse Row, Chase Street runs steeply uphill between listing buildings with worn, unrouged frontages the color of fog the old Nelson Hotel, where a few impoverished residents lie sleeping, a blank-faced tavern, a tired shoe store dis playing Red Wing workboots stern its filmy picture window, a few other dim buildings that bear no indication of their function and seem oddly dreamlike and vaporous. These structures have the air of failed resurrections, of having been rescued from the dark westward territory although they were still dead. In a way, that is precisely what happened to them. An ocher horizontal stripe, ten feet above the sidewalk on the facade of the Nelson Hotel and two feet from the emanation ground on the opposed, ashen faces of the last two buildings, represents the high-water mark odd behind by the flood of 1965, when the Mississippi rolled over its banks, drowned the railroad tracks and Nailhouse Row, and mounted nearly to the top of Chase Street.Where Chase rises above the flood line and levels out, it widens and undergoes a transform ation into the main street of French Landing, the town beneath us. The Agincourt Theater, the Taproom Bar & Grille, the First F build uper solid ground Bank, the Samuel Stutz Photography Studio (which does a steady business in graduation photos, wedding pictures, and childrens portraits) and shops, not the ghostly relics of shops, line its blunt sidewalks Bentons Rexall drugstore, Reliable Hardware, Saturday Night Video, Regal Clothing, Schmitts Allsorts Emporium, stores selling electronic equipment, magazines and greeting cards, toys, and athletic clothing featuring the logos of the Brewers, the Twins, the Packers, the Vikings, and the University of Wisconsin. After a few blocks, the name of the street changes to Lyall Road, and the buildings separate and shrink into one-story wooden structures fronted with signs advertising insurance offices and travel agencies by and by that, the street becomes a highway that glides eastward past a 7-Eleven, the Reinhold T. Grauerhammer VFW Hal l, a big farm-implement dealership known locally as Goltzs, and into a landscape of flat, unbroken fields. If we rise another hundred feet into the immaculate air and sap what lies beneath and ahead, we see kettle moraines, coulees, blunted hills furry with pines, loam-rich valleys invisible from ground level until you have come upon them, meandering rivers, miles-long patchwork fields, and little towns one of them, Centralia, no more than a scattering of buildings around the intersection of two narrow highways, 35 and 93.Directly below us, French Landing looks as though it had been evacuated in the middle of the night. No one moves along the sidewalks or bends to insert a key into one of the locks of the shop fronts along Chase Street. The angled spaces ahead the shops are empty of the cars and pickup trucks that will begin to appear, first by ones and twos, then in a mannerly little stream, an hour or two later. No lights burn behind the windows in the commercial buildings or t he unpretentious houses lining the surrounding streets. A block north of Chase on Sumner Street, quatern matching red-brick buildings of two stories each house, in west-east order, the French Landing Public Library the offices of Patrick J. Skarda, M.D., the local general practitioner, and Bell & Holland, a two-man law menage now run by Garland Bell and Julius Holland, the sons of its founders the Heartfield & Son Funeral Home, now owned by a vast, funereal empire centered in St. Louis and the French Landing Post Office.Separated from these by a wide driveway into a good-sized parking lot at the rear, the building at the end of the block, where Sumner intersects with deuce-ace Street, is also of red brick and two stories high only longer than its immediate neighbors. Unpainted iron bars block the rear second-floor windows, and two of the four vehicles in the parking lot are patrol cars with light bars across their tops and the letters FLPD on their sides. The presence of legal ph ilosophy cars and barred windows seems incongruous in this rural fastness what sort of crime can happen here? Nothing serious, surely surely nothing worse than a little shoplifting, intoxicated driving, and an occasional bar fight.As if in testimony to the peacefulness and regularity of small-town life, a red van with the words LA RIVIERE HERALD on its side panels drifts slowly down Third Street, pausing at nearly all of the mailbox stands for its driver to insert copies of the days newspaper, wrapped in a blue plastic bag, into aged metal cylinders bearing the same words. When the van considers onto Sumner, where the buildings have mail slots instead of boxes, the route man simply throws the wrapped papers at the front inlets. toothsome parcels thwack against the doors of the police station, the funeral home, and the office buildings. The post office does not get a paper.What do you know, lights are burning behind the front downstairs windows of the police station. The door o pens. A tall, dark-haired young man in a pale blue short-sleeved uniform shirt, a Sam Browne belt, and navy trousers stairs outside. The wide belt and the gold badge on Bobby Dulacs chest gleam in the fresh sunlight, and everything he is wearing, including the 9mm pistol strapped to his hip, seems as newly made as Bobby Dulac himself. He watches the red van turn left onto Second Street, and frowns at the rolled newspaper. He nudges it with the tip of a black, highly polished shoe, bending over just far enough to suggest that he is trying to read the headlines through the plastic. Evidently this technique does not work all that well. Still frowning, Bobby tilts all the way over and picks up the newspaper with unexpected delicacy, the way a mother cat picks up a kitten in need of relocation. guardianship it a little distance away from his body, he gives a quick glance up and down Sumner Street, about-faces smartly, and steps back into the station. We, who in our curiosity have been s teadily descending toward the interesting spectacle presented by Officer Dulac, go inside behind him.A gray corridor leads past a blank door and a bulletin board with very little on it to two sets of metal stairs, one going down to a small locker room, shower stalls, and a firing range, the other upward to an interrogation room and two facing rows of cells, none presently occupied. Somewhere near, a radio talk show is playing at a level that seems too loud for a peaceful morning.Bobby Dulac opens the unmarked door and enters, with us on his shiny heels, the ready room he has just left. A rank of filing cabinets stands against the wall to our right, beside them a beat-up wooden table on which sit neat stacks of papers in folders and a transistor radio, the source of the discordant noise. From the nearby studio of KDCU-AM, Your Talk Voice in the Coulee Country, the entertainingly rabid George Rathbun has settled into Badger Barrage, his popular morning broadcast. Good old George soun ds too loud for the occasion no matter how low you dial the volume the guy is just flat-out noisy thats part of his appeal. pitch in the middle of the wall directly opposite us is a closed door with a dark pebble-glass window on which has been painted DALE GILBERTSON, primary(prenominal) OF POLICE. Dale will not be in for another half hour or so.Two metal desks sit at right angles to each other in the corner to our left, and from the one that faces us, Tom Lund, a fair-haired officer of roughly his partners age but without his appearance of having been struck gleaming from the mint phoebe bird minutes before, regards the bag tweezed between two fingers of Bobby Dulacs right hand.All right, Lund says. Okay. The latest installment.You thought maybe the Thunder Five was paying us another mixer call? Here. I dont want to read the damn thing.Not deigning to look at the newspaper, Bobby sends the new days issue of the La Riviere Herald sailing in a flat, fast arc across ten feet of wo oden floor with an athletic snap of his wrist, spins rightward, takes a long stride, and positions himself in front of the wooden table a moment before Tom Lund fields his throw. Bobby glowers at the two names and various details scrawled on the long chalkboard hanging on the wall behind the table. He is not pl residuald, Bobby Dulac he looks as though he might burst out of his uniform through the sheer force of his anger.fatness and happy in the KDCU studio, George Rathbun yells, Caller, gimme a break, willya, and get your prescription fixed Are we talking about the same game here? Caller Maybe Wendell got some sense and decided to lay off, Tom Lund says.Wendell, Bobby says. Because Lund can see only the sleek, dark back of his head, the little sneering thing he does with his lip wastes motion, but he does it anyway.Caller, let me ask you this one question, and in all sincerity, I want you to be honest with me. Did you actually see last nights game?I didnt know Wendell was a big buddy of yours, Bobby says. I didnt know you ever got as far south as La Riviere. Here I was idea your idea of a big night out was a pitcher of beer and trying to break one hundred at the Arden Bowl-A-Drome, and now I obtain out you hang out with newspaper reporters in college towns. Probably get down and dirty with the Wisconsin Rat, too, that guy on KWLA. Do you pick up a lot of punk babes that way?The caller says he missed the first inning on account of he had to pick up his kid after a special counseling session at Mount Hebron, but he sure saw everything after that.Did I say Wendell Green was a friend of mine? asks Tom Lund. Over Bobbys left shoulder he can see the first of the names on the chalkboard. His gaze helplessly focuses on it. Its just, I met him after the Kinderling case, and the guy didnt seem so bad. Actually, I kind of liked him. Actually, I wound up feeling sorry for him. He wanted to do an interview with Hollywood, and Hollywood turned him down flat.Well, nat urally he saw the extra innings, the hapless caller says, thats how he knows Pokey Reese was safe.And as for the Wisconsin Rat, I wouldnt know him if I saw him, and I think that so-called music he plays sounds like the worst bunch of crap I ever hear in my life. How did that scrawny pasty-face creep get a radio show in the first place? On the college station? What does that tell you about our tremendous UW?CLa Riviere, Bobby? What does it say about our whole society? Oh, I forgot, you like that shit.No, I like 311 and Korn, and youre so out of it you cant tell the difference between Jonathan Davis and Dee Dee Ramone, but will about that, all right? Slowly, Bobby Dulac turns around and smiles at his partner. Stop stalling. His smile is none too pleasant.Im stalling? Tom Lund widens his eyes in a put-on of wounded innocence. Gee, was it me who fired the paper across the room? No, I pass judgment not.If you never laid eyes on the Wisconsin Rat, how come you know what he looks like? Same way I know he has funny-colored hair and a pierced nose. Same way I know he wears a beat-to-shit black leather jacket day in, day out, rain or shine.Bobby waited.By the way he sounds. Peoples voices are full of information. A guy says, Looks like itll turn out to be a nice day, he tells you his whole life story. Want to know something else about Rat Boy? He hasnt been to the dentist in six, seven years. His teeth look like shit.From within KDCUs ugly cement-block structure next to the brewery on Peninsula Drive, via the radio Dale Gilbertson donated to the station house long before either Tom Lund or Bobby Dulac first put on their uniforms, comes good old dependable George Rathbuns patented bellow of genial outrage, a passionate, inclusive uproar that for a hundred miles around causes breakfasting farmers to smile across their tables at their wives and passing truckers to laugh out loudI swear, caller, and this goes for my last last caller, too, and every single one of you ou t there, I love you dearly, that is the honest truth, I love you like my momma loved her turnip patch, but sometimes you people DRIVE ME weirdie Oh, boy. Top of the eleventh inning, two outsSix?Cseven, Reds Men on second and third. Batter lines to short center field, Reese takes off from third, good throw to the plate, nibble tag, clean tag. A unreasoning MAN COULDA MADE THAT CALLHey, I thought it was a good tag, and I only heard it on the radio, says Tom Lund. some(prenominal) men are stalling, and they know it.In fact, shouts the hands-down most popular Talk Voice of the Coulee Country, let me go out on a weapon system here, boys and girls, let me make the following recommendation, ok? Lets replace every umpire at Miller Park, hey, every umpire in the National League, with BLIND workforce You know what, my friends? I guarantee a sixty to seventy percent improvement in the accuracy of their calls. GIVE THE JOB TO THOSE WHO CAN HANDLE IT THE BLINDMirth suffuses Tom Lunds blan d face. That George Rathbun, man, hes a hoot. Bobby says, Come on, okay?Grinning, Lund pulls the folded newspaper out of its wrapper and flattens it on his desk. His face hardens without altering its shape, his grin turns stony. Oh, no. Oh, hell.What?Lund utters a shapeless groan and shakes his head.Jesus. I dont even want to know. Bobby rams his hands into his pockets, then pulls himself perfectly upright, jerks his right hand free, and clamps it over his eyes. Im a blind guy, all right? Make me an umpire I dont wanna be a cop anymore.Lund says nothing.Its a headline? Like a banner headline? How bad is it? Bobby pulls his hand away from his eyes and holds it suspended in midair.Well, Lund tells him, it looks like Wendell didnt get some sense, after all, and he sure as hell didnt decide to lay off. I cant cogitate I said I liked the dipshit.Wake up, Bobby says. Nobody ever told you law enforcement officers and journalists are on opposite sides of the fence?Tom Lunds ample soundbo x tilts over his desk. A thick lateral crease like a scar divides his forehead, and his stolid cheeks burn crimson. He aims a finger at Bobby Dulac. This is one thing that really gets me about you, Bobby. How long have you been here? Five, six months? Dale hired me four years ago, and when him and Hollywood put the cuffs on Mr. Thornberg Kinderling, which was the biggest case in this county for maybe thirty years, I cant claim any credit, but at least I pulled my weight. I helped put some of the pieces together.One of the pieces, Bobby says.I reminded Dale about the girl bartender at the Taproom, and Dale told Hollywood, and Hollywood talked to the girl, and that was a big, big piece. It helped get him. So dont you talk to me that way.Bobby Dulac assumes a look of completely hypothetical contrition. Sorry, Tom. I guess Im kind of wound up and beat to shit at the same time. What he thinks is So you got a couple years on me and you once gave Dale this lousy little bit of information, so what, Im a better cop than youll ever be. How heroic were you last night, anyhow?At 1115 the previous night, Armand Beezer St. capital of South Dakota and his fellow travelers in the Thunder Five had roared up from Nailhouse Row to surge into the police station and demand of its three occupants, each of whom had worked an eighteen-hour shift, exact details of the hand they were making on the issue that most concerned them all. What the hell was going on here? What about the third one, huh, what about Irma Freneau? Had they found her yet? Did these clowns have anything, or were they still just blowing smoke? You need help? Beezer roared, Then deputize us, well give you all the goddamn help you need and then some. A giant named Mouse had strolled smirking up to Bobby Dulac and kept on strolling, jumbo belly to six-pack belly, until Bobby was backed up against a filing cabinet, whereupon the giant Mouse had cryptically inquired, in a cloud of beer and marijuana, whether Bobby had ever dipped into the works of a gentleman named Jacques Derrida. When Bobby replied that he had never heard of the gentleman, Mouse said, No shit, Sherlock, and stepped aside to glare at the names on the chalkboard. Half an hour later, Beezer, Mouse, and their companions were sent away unsatisfied, undeputized, but pacified, and Dale Gilbertson said he had to go home and get some sleep, but Tom ought to remain, just in case. The regular night men had both found excuses not to come in. Bobby said he would stay, too, no problem, Chief, which is wherefore we become these two men in the station so early in the morning.Give it to me, says Bobby Dulac.Lund picks up the paper, turns it around, and holds it out for Bobby to see FISHERMAN STILL AT broad IN FRENCH LANDING AREA, reads the headline over an article that takes up three columns on the top left-hand side of the front foliate. The columns of type have been printed against a background of pale blue, and a black border separates t hem from the remainder of the page. Beneath the head, in smaller print, runs the lineIdentity of Psycho Killer Baffles Police. underneath the subhead, a line in even smaller print attributes the article to Wendell Green, with the support of the editorial staff.The pekan, Bobby says. Right from the start, your friend has his thumb up his butt. The Fisherman, the Fisherman, the Fisherman. If I all of a sudden turned into a fifty-foot ape and started stomping on buildings, would you call me King Kong? Lund lowers the newspaper and smiles. Okay, Bobby allows, bad example. Say I held up a couple banks. Would you call me John Dillinger?Well, says Lund, smiling even more broadly, they say Dillingers tool was so humongous, they put it in a jar in the Smithsonian. So . . . sound out me the first sentence, Bobby says.Tom Lund looks down and reads ?As the police in French Landing fail to discover any leads to the identity of the fiendish double murderer and sex criminal this reporter has du bbed the Fisherman, the grim specters of fear, despair, and suspicion run increasingly rampant through the streets of that little town, and from there out into the farms and villages throughout French County, darken by their touch every portion of the Coulee Country. Just what we need, Bobby says. Jee-zus And in an instant has crossed the room and is leaning over Tom Lunds shoulder, reading the Heralds front page with his hand resting on the butt of his Glock, as if ready to drill a hole in the article right here and now. ?Our traditions of trust and good neighborliness, our manipulation of extending warmth and generosity to all writes Wendell Green, editorializing like crazy, are eroding daily under the corrosive onslaught of these dread emotions. Fear, despair, and suspicion are poisonous to the instinct of communities large and small, for they turn neighbor against neighbor and make a mockery of civility. ?Two children have been foully murdered and their remains partially cons umed. Now a third child has disappeared. Eight-year-old Amy St. capital of South Dakota and seven-year-old Johnny Irkenham fell victim to the passions of a monster in human form. Neither will know the happiness of adolescence or the satisfactions of adulthood. Their grieving parents will never know the grandchildren they would have cherished. The parents of Amy and Johnnys playmates shelter their children within the safety of their own homes, as do parents whose children never knew the deceased. As a result, pass playgroups and other programs for young children have been canceled in virtually every township and municipality in French County. ?With the disappearance of ten-year-old Irma Freneau seven days after the death of Amy St. Pierre and only three after that of Johnny Irkenham, public patience has grown dangerously thin. As this correspondent has already reported, Merlin Graasheimer, fifty-two, an unemployed farm diddlyshit of no fixed abode, was set upon and beaten by an uni dentified group of men in a Grainger side street late Tuesday evening. Another such episode occurred in the early hours of Thursday morning, when Elvar Praetorious, thirty-six, a Swedish tourist traveling alone, was assaulted by three men, again unidentified, while asleep in La Rivieres Leif Eriksson Park. Graasheimer and Praetorious required only routine medical attention, but future incidents of vigilantism will almost sure as shooting end more seriously. Tom Lund looks down at the next paragraph, which describes the Freneau girls abrupt disappearance from a Chase Street sidewalk, and pushes himself away from his desk.Bobby Dulac reads silently for a time, then says, You gotta hear this shit, Tom. This is how he winds up ?When will the Fisherman strike again? ?For he will strike again, my friends, make no mistake. ?And when will French Landings chief of police, Dale Gilbertson, do his duty and rescue the citizens of this county from the obscene savagery of the Fisherman and the u nderstandable violence produced by his own inaction? Bobby Dulac stamps to the middle of the room. His color has heightened. He inhales, then exhales a magnificent quantity of oxygen. How about the next time the Fisherman strikes, Bobby says, how about he goes right up Wendell Greens flabby rear end?Im with you, says Tom Lund. Can you believe that shinola? ?Understandable violence? Hes telling people its okay to mess with anyone who looks suspiciousBobby levels an index finger at Lund. I in person am going to nail this guy. That is a promise. Ill bring him down, alive or dead. In case Lund may have missed the point, he repeats, Personally.Wisely choosing not to speak the words that first come to his mind, Tom Lund nods his head. The finger is still pointing. He says, If you want some help with that, maybe you should talk to Hollywood. Dale didnt have no luck, but could be youd do better.Bobby waves this notion away. No need. Dale and me . . . and you, too, of course, we got it cover ed. But I personally am going to get this guy. That is a guarantee. He pauses for a second. Besides, Hollywood retired when he moved here, or did you forget?Hollywoods too young to retire, Lund says. Even in cop years, the guy is practically a baby. So you must be the next thing to a fetus.And on their cackle of shared laughter, we float away and out of the ready room and back into the sky, where we glide one block farther north, to Queen Street.Moving a few blocks east we find, beneath us, a low, rambling structure branching out from a central hub that occupies, with its wide, rising breadth of lawn dotted here and there with tall oaks and maples, the whole of a block lined with bushy hedges in need of a good trim. Obviously an institution of some kind, the structure at first resembles a progressive unsubdivided school in which the various wings represent class live without walls, the square central hub the dining room and administrative offices. When we drift downward, we hear Ge orge Rathbuns genial bellow rising toward us from several windows. The big glass front door swings open, and a trim charwoman in cats-eye glasses comes out into the fulgent morning, holding a poster in one hand and a roll of tape in the other. She immediately turns around and, with quick, efficient gestures, fixes the poster to the door. Sunlight reflects from a blackened gemstone the size of a hazelnut on the third finger of her right hand.While she takes a moment to admire her work, we can peer over her crisp shoulder and see that the poster announces, in a cheerful burst of hand-drawn balloons, that TODAY IS STRAWBERRY FEST when the woman walks back inside, we take in the presence, in the portion of the entry visible just beneath the giddy poster, of two or three folded wheelchairs. Beyond the wheelchairs, the woman, whose chestnut hair has been pinned back into an architectural whorl, strides on her high-heeled pumps through a pleasant lobby with blond wooden chairs and match ing tables strewn artfully with magazines, marches past a kind of unmanned guardpost or receipt desk before a handsome fieldstone wall, and vanishes, with the trace of a skip, through a burnished door marked WILLIAM MAXTON, DIRECTOR.What kind of school is this? Why is it open for business, why is it putting on festivals, in the middle of July?We could call it a graduate school, for those who reside here have graduated from every stage of their existences but the last, which they live out, day after day, under the careless stewardship of Mr. William Chipper Maxton, Director. This is the Maxton Elder Care Facility, once in a more innocent time, and before the cosmetic renovations through in the mid-eighties known as the Maxton Nursing Home, which was owned and managed by its founder, Herbert Maxton, Chippers father. Herbert was a decent if wishy-washy man who, it is safe to say, would be appalled by some of the things the sole fruit of his loins gets up to. Chipper never wanted to take over the family playpen, as he calls it, with its freight of gummers, zombies, bed wetters, and droolies, and after getting an accounting degree at UW?CLa Riviere (with hard-earned minors in promiscuity, gambling, and beer drinking), our boy accepted a position with the Madison, Wisconsin, office of the Internal Revenue Service, largely for the goal of learning how to steal from the government undetected. Five years with the IRS taught him much that was useful, but when his subsequent career as a freelancer failed to match his ambitions, he yielded to his fathers increasingly infirm entreaties and threw in his lot with the undead and the droolies. With a certain grim relish, Chipper acknowledged that despite a woeful shortage of glamour, his fathers business would at least provide him with the opportunity to steal from the clients and the government alike.Let us flow in through the big glass doors, cross the handsome lobby (noting, as we do so, the mingled odors of air freshe ner and ammonia that pervade even the public areas of all such institutions), pass through the door bearing Chippers name, and find out what that well-arranged young woman is doing here so early.Beyond Chippers door lies a windowless cubicle equipped with a desk, a coatrack, and a small bookshelf crowded with computer printouts, pamphlets, and flyers. A door stands open beside the desk. Through the opening, we see a much larger office, paneled in the same burnished wood as the directors door and containing leather chairs, a glass-topped coffee table, and an oatmeal-colored sofa. At its far end looms a vast desk untidily heaped with papers and so deeply polished it seems nearly to glow.Our young woman, whose name is Rebecca Vilas, sits perched on the edge of this desk, her legs crossed in a particularly architectural fashion. One knee folds over the other, and the calves form two nicely molded, roughly parallel lines zip down to the triangular tips of the black high-heeled pumps, on e of which points to four oclock and the other to six. Rebecca Vilas, we gather, has arranged herself to be seen, has struck a pose intended to be appreciated, though certainly not by us. Behind the cats-eye glasses, her eyes look skeptical and amused, but we cannot see what has aroused these emotions. We assume that she is Chippers secretary, and this assumption, too, expresses only half of the truth as the ease and irony of her attitude imply, Ms. Vilass duties have long extended beyond the purely secretarial. (We might speculate about the source of that nice ring she is wearing as long as our minds are in the gutter, we will be right on the money.)We float through the open door, follow the direction of Rebeccas increasingly impatient gaze, and find ourselves staring at the sturdy, khaki-clad rump of her kneeling employer, who has thrust his head and shoulders into a good-sized safe, in which we glimpse stacks of record books and a number of capital of the Philippines envelopes apparently stuffed with currency. A few bills flop out of these envelopes as Chipper pulls them from the safe.You did the sign, the poster thing? he asks without turning around.Aye, aye, says Rebecca Vilas. And a splendid day it is we shall be havin for the great occasion, too, as is only roight and proper. Her Irish accent is surprisingly good, if a bit generic. She has never been anywhere more exotic than Atlantic City, where Chipper used his frequent-flier miles to escort her for five enchanted days two years before. She learned the accent from old movies.I hate Strawberry Fest, Chipper says, dredging the last of the envelopes from the safe. The zombies wives and children mill around all afternoon, cranking them up so we have to sedate them into comas just to get some peace. And if you want to know the truth, I hate balloons. He mopes the money onto the carpet and begins to sort the bills into stacks of various denominations.Only Oi was wonderin, in me simple country manner, says Rebecca, why Oi should be requested to appear at the ascertain o dawn on the grand day.Know what else I hate? The whole music thing. Singing zombies and that stupid deejay. Symphonic Stan with his big-band records, whoo boy, talk about thrills.I assume, Rebecca says, displace the stage-Irish accent, you want me to do something with that money before the action begins.Time for another journey to Miller. An account under a fictitious name in the State Provident Bank in Miller, forty miles away, receives regular deposits of cash skimmed from patients funds intended to pay for extra goods and services. Chipper turns around on his knees with his hands full of money and looks up at Rebecca. He sinks back down to his heels and lets his hands fall into his lap. Boy, do you have great legs. Legs like that, you ought to be famous.I thought youd never notice, Rebecca says.Chipper Maxton is forty-two years old. He has good teeth, all his hair, a wide, sincere face, and narrow brown eyes that always look a little damp. He also has two kids, Trey, nine, and Ashley, seven and recently diagnosed with ADD, a matter Chipper figures is going to cost him maybe two super C a year in pills alone. And of course he has a wife, his lifes partner, Marion, thirty-nine years of age, five foot five, and somewhere in the neighborhood of 190 pounds. In addition to these blessings, as of last night Chipper owes his bookie $13,000, the result of an unwise investment in the Brewers game George Rathbun is still bellowing about. He has noticed, oh, yes he has, Chipper has noticed Ms. Vilass splendidly cantilevered legs.Before you go over there, he says, I was thinking we could kind of stretch out on the sofa and draw around.Ah, Rebecca says. Fool around how, exactly?Gobble, gobble, gobble, Chipper says, grinning like a satyr.You romantic devil, you, says Rebecca, a remark that utterly escapes her employer. Chipper thinks he actually is being romantic.She slides elegantly down from her perch , and Chipper pushes himself inelegantly upright and closes the safe door with his foot. Eyes shining damply, he takes a couple of thuggish, strutting strides across the carpet, wraps one arm around Rebecca Vilass slender waist and with the other slides the fat manila envelopes onto the desk. He is yanking at his belt even before he begins to pull Rebecca toward the sofa.So can I see him? says clever Rebecca, who understands exactly how to turn her lovers brains to porridge . . .. . . and before Chipper obliges her, we do the sensible thing and float out into the lobby, which is still empty. A corridor to the left of the reception desk takes us to two large, blond, glass-inset doors marked DAISY and BLUEBELL, the names of the wings to which they give entrance. Far down the gray length of Bluebell, a man in squashy coveralls dribbles ash from his cigarette onto the tiles over which he is dragging, with exquisite slowness, a filthy mop. We move into Daisy.The functional parts of Maxt ons are a great deal less attractive than the public areas. Numbered doors line both sides of the corridor. Hand-lettered cards in plastic holders beneath the numerals give the names of the residents. Four doors along, a desk at which a hoarse male attendant in an unclean white uniform sits dozing upright faces the entrances to the mens and womens bathrooms at Maxtons, only the most expensive rooms, those on the other side of the lobby, in Asphodel, provide anything but a sink. Dirty mop-swirls harden and dry all up and down the tiled floor, which stretches out before us to supposed(prenominal) length. Here, too, the walls and air seem the same shade of gray. If we look closely at the edges of the hallway, at the juncture of the walls and the ceiling, we see spiderwebs, old stains, accumulations of grime. Pine-Sol, ammonia, urine, and worse scent the atmosphere. As an elder lady in Bluebell wing likes to say, when you live with a bunch of people who are old and incontinent, you n ever get far from the smell of caca.The rooms themselves vary according to the conditions and capacities of their inhabitants. Since nearly everyone is asleep, we can glance into a few of these quarters. Here in D10, a single room two doors past the dozing aide, old Alice Weathers lies (snoring gently, dreaming of dancing in perfect partnership with Fred Astaire across a white marble floor) surrounded by so much of her former life that she must navigate past the chairs and end tables to maneuver from the door to her bed. Alice still possesses even more of her wits than she does her old furniture, and she cleans her room herself, immaculately. Next door in D12, two old farmers named Thorvaldson and Jesperson, who have not spoken to each other in years, sleep, separated by a thin curtain, in a bright clutter of family photographs and grandchildrens drawings.Farther down the hallway, D18 presents a spectacle completely opposite to the clean, crowded jumble of D10, just as its inhabitan t, a man known as Charles mutton chop, could be considered the polar opposite of Alice Weathers. In D18, there are no end tables, hutches, overstuffed chairs, gilded mirrors, lamps, woven rugs, or velvet curtains this barren room contains only a metal bed, a plastic chair, and a chest of drawers. No photographs of children and grandchildren stand atop the chest, and no crayon drawings of blocky houses and stick figures decorate the walls. Mr. Burnside has no interest in housekeeping, and a thin layer of dust covers the floor, the windowsill, and the chests bare top. D18 is bereft of history, empty of personality it seems as brutal and soulless as a prison cell. A powerful smell of excrement contaminates the air.For all the entertainment offered by Chipper Maxton and all the charm of Alice Weathers, it is Charles Burnside, Burny, we have most come to see.

Effects of Nurse Staffing on Patients Outcomes Essay

This study foc procedures on the issue of treat staffing and its effects on the forthcomes of the endurings. To begin with, the tem nurse staffing will be define and followed by a discussion of nurse staffing in relation to the nanny-goats themselves. Nursing staffing levels and their effects on the patient cores will also be discussed with regards to morbidity and mortality besides other indicators of patient outcomes, the shock of nursing staffing levels to quality of c be as easy as an overview of past studies as far as the birth between nursing staffing levels and the outcome of the patient is concerned.Nursing staffingThe term nursing staffing refers to the levels of nurses that atomic number 18 employed at a particular institution. Normally, the nursing staffing levels are measurable as ratios of nurses to their patients within their institutions and the higher(prenominal) the ratio, the more preferred as it is thought to mean a better outcome for patients in th eir care whereas lower ratios are associated with poorer patient outcomes.Nursing staffing and the nursesNursing staffing has been investigated with the nurses themselves in mind and such(prenominal) studies maintain intromitd the Schmalenberg and Kramer study of 2009 which sought to establish and assess the factors that influence the perceptions or the opinions of nurses as far as nursing staffing levels are concerned. Nursing staffing has also been studied with regards to the negative effects on the nurses such as nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction such as the study carried out by Aiken et al in 2002. As far as international literature is concerned, most of the studies that look at the impact of nursing staffing on the nurses themselves concentrates on adverse outcomes such as physical injuries, encounters with aggression and violence, sickness and absenteeism, self reports of job satisfaction levels as well as burnout.According to the study by Schmalenberg and Kramer (2009), the nurses opinion of their working environment is a strong predictor of their opinions as far as the staffing of their units and of their institutions is concerned. Additionally, the factors that were found to profoundly fall this opinion are the competence of the staff, teamwork, flexible delivery system, and a balance of positions in relation to the needs of the patients that are under their care. The study by Aiken et al in 2002 revealed that there was a higher chance of nurses experiencing job related burnout in hospitals with high Patient nurse ratios. Further, nurses in institutions which had the highest rates of patient to nurse ratios were twice likely to suffer from dissatisfaction from their jobs. These influenced the decisions of nurses to leave their current jobs and thus creating more staffing problems that would lead to more negative patient outcomes.Nursing Staffing and the PatientThere are various outcomes that are thought to be directly related to the staffing of nurses in any institution are associated with the patients, such as morbidity mortality, nosocomial infections, falls, squeeze ulcers, suicide, and length of hospital stay, medication errors, post operative complications, infection rates and adverse events such as cardiac or respiratory arrests, most of which are negative patient outcomes (Flynn and Mckeown, 2009). There are various studies that have focaliseed on this relationship such as the study by Aiken et al in 2002 however, according to Liang et al (2012) most of these studies have been carried out in western countries. Flynn and Mckeown also studied the relationship between the patient outcome and the nurse staff levels in a bid to identify information that would enable nursing managers to determine the optimum nursing staff levels. The quality of care that is given in nursing homes, which is also an antecedent of the patient outcome has been investigated in studies such as the study done by Castle and Engberg min 2003.So me of the studies that have been used to investigate the relationship between patient mortality as an outcome of nursing staffing levels have been cross sectional and critics have argued that these have failed to include a direct link between staffing and individual patient experiences besides lacking sufficient statistical constraints (Needleman et al 2011). One of the patients outcomes that have been associated with low levels of nursing staffing is the mortality of patients (Aiken et al 2002). This study was carried out in Pennsylvania hospitals whereby the patients to nurses ratio were in the range of 41 to 81. In the course of the study, 4535 out of 232 342 surgical patients died within thirty days (Aiken et al 2002). This study concluded that four patients less for every nurse would reduce in fewer deaths in the same time and not just in the surgical wards but among all the patients hospitalized in California (Aiken et al 2002).A study by Liang et al in 2012 confirmed the rel ationship between nursing staffing levels and patient mortality. Cho et al also investigated the relationship between nurse staffing and negative effects such as morbidity, mortality and medical costs. Nurse staffing levels were considered as nursing hours and as nurse proportions and the higher the number of patients that a nurse was supposed to take care of, the higher the rate of mortalities and complications such as atelectasis and pressure ulcers among others in post operative pneumonia patients (2003). This was attributed to the higher than usual demands of taking care of these patients which demanded lower patient to nurse ratios. In yet another study by Kiekkas et al in 2008, the relationship between nursing overload and mortality among intensive care unit patients was investigated whereby the nursing workload was considered the result of total patient care demands and nurse staffing levels.Of the three hundred and ninety six patients who were admitted in the intensive care unit of a Greek Hospital, one hundred and two of them died. The workload of the nurses was found to be significant especially as far as mortality as an outcome was concerned in surgical patients, medical patients, and both groups together which indicated that patient care demands were an important moderator in the course of investigating the relationship between nursing staff levels and mortality (Kiekkas et al, 2008). Staffing of nurses and work environment variables have been assessed with regards to their effects on patient outcomes in a conceptual model by Meyer et al in 2009. The study was carried out in Canadian hospitals in their cardiac and cardiovascular patient units whereby the PCDM together with regression models was tested. PCDM in this case is an acronym for the Patient Care lurch Model and in addition to confirming the relationship between nurse staffing levels and patients outcomes, the study indicated that patient outcome are also the result of factors associated w ith patients themselves as well as factors associated with the nurses (Meyer et al, 2009.Additionally, Liang et al established some of the reasons behind the high patient to nurse ratio in Taiwan most prominent of which was the desire of hospitals to control their expenditure but which had negative outcomes for its patients. Flynn and Mckeown in 2009 found out that it was important for nurse managers and others that are involved in the recruitment of nurses to critically examine the habitual methods that are used for the purposes of determining nursing skill mix as well as staffing levels in their effectiveness in the course of health function organization and delivery. This is in spite of the fact that most studies have been unable to accurately determine or support a minimum level of nurse-patient ratios in various hospitals (Flynn and Mckeown, 2009).Castle and Engberg in 2009 proposed that poor staffing in nursing homes was the result of high rates of turnover among the patient s, low staffing levels, low stability levels and low use of agency staff and that poor staffing in nursing homes is accompanied by poor patient outcomes. However, in order to enhance staffing in nursing homes, administrators should focus on all and not just a few select characteristics (Castle and Engberg, 2009). In response to the failure of cross sectional studies to establish or found a direct link between levels of nursing staffing and patient experiences besides lack of statistical controls, Needleman et al carried out their own study of the nursing staffing levels and the outcomes of the patients in 2011. This study utilized the Cox proportional hazards model and established that the staffing of nurses below the recommended levels was related to patient mortality.ConclusionThis study has been a literature review with regards to nursing staffing levels and patient outcomes. The definition of nursing staffing has been defined as well as the effects of nursing staffing on the nu rses themselves besides the effects of nursing staffing levels on the patient outcomes. This has been done with various studies that have been done in the past concerning the subject.

Mother and Daughter, a Heavenly Relationship Failed Essay

Daughter and overprotect family is an nullifyless topic for many carry throughrs. They are lowlyt to circumstances the cleave of love and care for for for from each one one one other. In the real world, however, their relationship is non as successful as it ought to be. The stories How to Talk to Your Mother and I Stand hither Ironing are the examples of this interlocking. Lorrie Moore is distinguished for the clever wordplay, beseechy and sardonic humor of her fiction. How to Talk to Your set about is a short story in her collection Self-Help. It is just about a failed relationship of a daughter and her fret over succession. Similarly, Tillie Olsens I Stand Here Ironing portrays powerfully the economic and domestic burdens a poor woman faced, as well as the responsibility and powerlessness she feels over her childs sustenance. Both stories have the same fore, but each has different technique, and the betrothals from the characters are opposite.Poor communication over condemnation is the theme both stories share. In How to Talk to Your Mother, Ginny, the author, faded the relationship with her obtain as time goes and things changed from 1939 to 1982. In 1952, Ginny started to break away by slamming the door and say Dont I know it (Moore 105) when her mother asks about her crush in secondary high. Then, she becomes a young adult with a new life and would not come home for holidays. However, it is not until her mother called her by her sisters diagnose that makes she feels uncomfortable. Learn that you have a way of knowing each other which somehow slips out and beyond the ways you have of not knowing each other at all (Moore 103). The simply How to title belies the complexities of furrowed communication between mother and daughter. Ginny attempts to communicate with her mother throughout decades, but it never works. In I Stand Here Ironing, the mother faced the same problem with poor communication.Readers feel deeply sorry for the mother as she is economically alone, lonely, overworked and tired. The mother is always busy and preoccupied with other children. I was working, there were four smaller ones now, there was not time for her (Olsen 191). She has little or no time to talk to Emily, the daughter. The only time they met each other is at night, when Emily is struggle over books and the mother be ironing, or do other house chores. In both stories, the mothers and daughters have reallypoor communication. Each character has her own life and stared to ignore their love ones. Ginny lives her wild life with romance. On the other hand, the mother in I Stand Here Ironing is so busy with her low-class life. As a result, their relationship failed as time rolls.Although both stories share similarity, each story was written with different styles, point-of-views, and languages. Lorrie Moore pre directs How to Talk to Your Mother in reverse chronological order, from latest to earliest. This technique supports her main idea b y illustrating the broken communication pattern existing since the cashiers childhood. With this style, readers find it amusing as they can read forward or backward. Moreover, this kind of writing is very rare in literature. Tillie Olsens I Stand Here Ironing was written in a traditional flashback. It started with the mother blaming herself for Emilys outturn. Then, she remembered all the life events that result in bad decisions she made for Emily. Both stories also have different point-of-view. How to Talk to Your Mother is told in second-person, using you, instead of I. The second-person narration distances the narrator from the pain inflicted by her mother, father, and lovers.This is Moores clever choice. Readers can relate and sympathize with Ginny. On the other hand, I Stand Here Ironing is told in first-person. The mother is telling readers about her faults and her attempts to help Emily through difficult years. Readers can see the hardship the mother faced and understand he r situation. Nevertheless, Moore writes the story like one would write in her diary, very informal. The full title is How to Talk to Your Mother (Notes), and the language is not very aesthetic. On the contrast, Olsen writes her story in formal, literature language. In chemical reaction to her story, Helen Pike Bauer writes Olsens story is a dialogue between circumstances and desire, constraint and love, absence and presence, silence and speech, power and helplessness.The conflicts of each character are opposite. The unproblematic conflict in How to Talk to Your Mother is between Ginny and herself. She feels like she has her own life and her mother becomes annoying. In 1971, she wrote Go for long walks to get away from her. strait through wooded area there is a life you have forgotten (Moore 103). Throughout the story, readers can see thebroken relationship is resulted from the external events of her life. She has trio abortions and involving many relationships with men that she dont even like. Sometimes you confuse her with the first man you ever love, who ever loved you (Moore 102). Ginny almost blamed herself for their relationship. Her mammary gland is always there, in her house since 1967. A year before death, her mother tells her Is that any way to talk to your mother (Moore 101)?While Ginny experienced the external conflict of her life, the mother in I Stand Here Ironing faced an internal conflict involving Emily. She makes a very meaningful statement at the end of story help Emily to know that she is more than this dress on the ironing board, helpless before the iron (Olsen 193). The mother constantly referred to the bad decisions she had made for Emily during her childhood. She sent Emily to live with her relatives as a toddler and came back with all baby loveliness gone (Olsen 188). Then, she sent her off again to a convalescent home. These decisions caused the mother to constantly nag at her internal self. Emily turned to a comedic teen is the result of the mothers ignorant and poor relationship, which makes the mother blaming herself. She feels like the conflict is caused by her and Emily deserved a better life.Thackeray says, God cannot be everywhere and therefore he made mother. Parents are the caretaker of their children. From their experiences, they know what is best and they would never mean ill for them. How to Talk to Your Mother and I Stand Here Ironing are short stories that remind readers to cherish their relationships with parents. Both stories have the same theme of communication, but each has different technique, and the conflicts from the characters are opposite. Their situations are very difficult poverty, low-class, and early motherhood. Lorrie Moore writes How to Talk to Your Mother to mock the popular How-to style.She marks off each stage of the plot by repeated works and ideas of heart, babies, containers, and unsuccessful talks between mother and daughter. Tillie Olsen writes I Stand Here Ironing with many symbolisms. For example, the iron is the torment, outside pressures. The dress is her problem, or Emily. The mother is ironing out the problem from inside her heart. Both stories carry the same message of mother and daughter relationship that most people faced the same path. In the society right now, there are many children experiencedchild abuses. As for many parents, they could not get their kids to listen to them. The heavenly relationship failed as lives go on.

Week 2 Quiz

. (TCO 2) Bubbas Crawfish put to bunking Company uses a traditional command overhead allocation based on direct aim hours. For the current year overhead is estimated at $2,250,000 and direct labor hours be budgeted at 415,000 hours. Actual overhead was $2,200,000 and actual direct labor hours worked were 422,000. (a) Calculate the determine overhead straddle. Rate, based on budgeted factory overhead cost and budgeted activity, that is established before a period begins. 2,250,000/415,000Budgeted activity units used in the denominator of the formula, more practically called the denominator level, ar measured in direct labor-hours, machine-hours, direct labor costs, or production units. Read more http//www. answers. com/topic/predetermined-overhead-rateixzz2NxCv9pKK (b) Calculate the overhead applied. Applied overhead = predetermined overhead rate x actual direct labor (c) Determin Prorate the overhead variance to the appropriate accounts 765 750 = variance of 15K Rate This A nswer e the amount of overhead that is over/under applied. 2. TCO 2) Thibodeaux Limousine Corporation is trying to determine a predetermined manufacturing overhead. Estimated overhead for the upcoming year is $776,000. Budgeted machine hours are 105,000 hours, and budgeted labor hours are 17,500 hours at a rate of $10. 00 per hour. Compute the predetermined overhead rate based on (a) Direct labor dollars Labor rate variance = (Actual hours worked ? Actual rate) ? (Actual hours worked ? Standard rate) Read more at http// score4management. com/direct_labor_rate_variance. htmpqUTOT7ClOOtMr4F. 99 (b) Direct labor hours (c) Machine hours 3. TCO 1) List and briefly describe four of the pentad differences between managerial accounting and financial accounting 4. (TCO 2)The pursuance information is available for Sappys Surgical Shears for the fiscal year termination December 31, 20XX. Beginning quietus in ruined Goods $ 17,000 Ending balance in Finished Goods 15,200 Beginning balance in Work in branch 2,500Ending balance in Work in bidding 1,836 Selling expenses 123,000 General and administrative expenses 89,000Direct material cost 54,500 Direct labor cost 66,000 Manufacturing overhead 21,400 gross gross 385,000 Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured. . (TCO 2) Match each of the following six terms with the parlance that most closely describes it. Each answer at a lower place may be used only once.Read also Quiz Week 42. ______ 1. activity-based costing ______ 2. cost of goods available for sale ______ 3. period costs ______ 4. turn costing system ______ 5. just-in-time system ______ 6. work in process A) be assigned to the goods produced also known as manufacturing costs (B) Materials costs that are non traced directly to products produced (C) System that seeks to minimize Raw Materials Inventory and Work in Process Inventory (D) Cost of items that are completed and transferred from Work in Process Inventory to Finished Goods Inventory (E) Costs that are identified with accounting periods rather than with goods produced (F) Actual overhead is greater than overhead that has been applied to products (G) Method of assigning overhead costs that uses multiple allocation bases (H) System that uses job-order sheets to collect costs for each individual job (I) Cost of all materials and parts that are directly traced to the items produced (J) Beginning balance in the Finished Goods Inventory plus cost of goods manufactured (K) Overhead applied to products is greater than the actual overhead costs incurred (L) use by companies that produce large quantities of identical items (M) Cost of all manufacturing activities other than direct material and direct labor (N) Inventory account that contains the cost of goods that are only partially completed 6. (TCO 2) Far Out Ceramics akes custom macaroni tile and applies job-order costing. The following information relates to the fiscal year ending December 31,20XX. Beginning balance in Raw Mat erials Inventory $ 12,500 Purchases of raw material 189,000 Ending balance in Raw Materials Inventory 14,300Beginning balance in Work in Process 24,500 Ending balance in Work in Process 23,100Direct labor cost 89,700 Manufacturing overhead applied 66,200 Actual manufacturing overhead 64,100Beginning balance in Finished Goods 28,900 Ending balance in Finished Goods 24,300Sales 432,000Selling expenses 120,000 General and administrative expenses 86,000 How much is cost of goods sold? 7. TCO 2) Match each of the six following terms with the phrase that most closely describes it. Each answer may be used only once. _____ 1. Direct costs _____ 2. Fixed costs _____ 3. Incremental costs _____ 4. stinting Resource Planning system _____ 5. Noncontrollable costs _____ 6. Opportunity costs (A) Costs that increase or decrease in total in response to increases or decreases in the level of business activity (B) Costs that are directly traceable to a product, activity, or department (C) Costs that a manager hind end influence (D) The difference in costs between decision alternatives (E) Costs incurred in the past that are not relevant to present decisions (F) Costs that cannot be influenced by a manager G) Financial plans prepared by management accountants (H) Value of the benefits foregone when one decision alternative is selected over another (I) Costs that cannot be directly traced to a product, activity, or department or are not worth tracing (J) Costs that do not change in total with changes in the level of business activity (K) These systems prepare a master production systems and all the support across the company. (L) Allows companies and suppliers to share information to remedy efficiency in getting inputs. (M) Allows customer data analysis and support, often in online format for customers. 8. (TCO 3) The Marinade Department began the period with 150,000 units.During the period the department veritable another 180,000 units from the prior department and at the end of the period 112,000 units remained which were 17%complete. How much are equivalent units in The Marinade Departments work in process inventory at the end of the period? (TCO 3) The Franc Zeppo Venture manufactures a product that goes through two processing departments. Information relating to the activity in the first department during April is given below Work in process, April 1 50,000 units (80% completed for materials and 60%completed for conversion. Work in process, April 30 45,000 units (70% completed for materials and 60%completed for conversion. 4. The department started 380,000 units into production during the month and transferred 385,000 completed units to the next department.Compute and calculate the equivalent units of production for the first department for April, assuming the company uses the weighted-average method of accounting for units and costs. 1. Question (TCO D) A company that has a profit can increase its return on investing by Student Answer increasing gross sales revenue and operating expenses by the same dollar amount. increasing average operating assets and operating expenses by the same dollar amount. increasing sales revenue and operating expenses by the same percentage. decreasing average operating assets and sales by the same percentage. teacher Explanation Chapter 12 2. Question (TCO D) Given the following data, what would ROI be?Sales $50,000 Net operating income $5,000 Contribution margin $20,000 Average operating assets $25,000 Stockholders equity $15,000 Student Answer 10% 20% 16. 7% 80% Instructor Explanation See Chapter 12. ROI = Net operating income / Average operating assets = $5,000 / $25,000 = 20. 0% 3. Question (TCO D) Given the following data What is the return on the investment (ROI)? Sales $50. 000 Net operating income $5,000 Contribution margin $20,000 Average operating assets $25,000 Stockholders equity $15,000 Student Answer 10% 20% 16. 7% 80% Instructor Explanation ROI = Net operating income / Average o perating assets = $5,000 / $25,000 = 20. 0%

Can-can by Arturo Vivante and The Blue Film by Graham Greene

I incur chosen to discuss Can-can by Arturo Vivante and The non-white Film by Graham Greene. I made this closing as I liked how both stories where about a married couples relationship which also involved a nonher womanhood and even so whilst both stories appeared to end differently the overall meanings were in fact the same. When comparing both stories they showed multiple similarities as well as differences and I was interested in how both Vivante and Greene made use of irony, resource and language to create an atmosphere and how both stories built up tension before reaching a windup.Arturo Vivantes short tosh Can-Can is about a economize who is having an affair with a woman called Sarah, who is also married. The story starts at the keep ups marital home, where his married woman is p casting with the children and does the can-can when one of them asks her to. It is at this point that the husband starts to question himself over his affair and still repudiates and heads t o a cafe, where he waits for Sarah. Sarah is running late and he hopes that she wont turn up merely she does and they head score to a lake house where the story ends with Sarah lying in his arms, however he is sentiment of his married woman doing the can-can.Whilst we initially do not have it aside the story is about a husband having an affair, the first line in the story immediately arouses distrust and raises the question that the husband might be up to something. Im spillage to go for a drive, he said to his wife. Ill be post in an hour or two (Vivante 19885). The husband doesnt say where he is going or what he is doing or how long exactly he will be and the following line tells us that the husband disappearing for a few hours is actually quite unusual. He didnt often leave the house for more than the few minutes it took him to go to the post office or to a store, but spent his time hanging around, doing odd jobs (Vivante 19885). Vivante portrays the husband as organism a n ordinary, working class man who feels he is living a mundane life with his wife. However, his wife is described as being benignant and playful, she laughs and dances and doesnt question where he might be off to.The husbands mistress Sarah is the only character who Vivante gives a name to in the story, Sarah is described as being a middle-class woman who is in control of the affair and very formal with a good job and a car. Phoning Sarah at her officeher petition him to call again next week, finally setting a date (Vivante 19886). Vivantes use of language in the story is very simple but he cleverly uses some French words to make things seem a bit more exotic and spicy, much(prenominal) as, rendezvous, cafe and the can-can itself.The imagery Vivante creates with the wife doing the can-can is a picture you take away with you and one that the husband clearly does. The husband doesnt think his wife k outrights about his affair but we question that she might when she does this dance. Her eyes had mockery in them, and she laughed (Vivante 19886). Is the wife showing her husband what he is missing? The dialogue is scattered and ordinary, much reflecting the mundane supposition and tone of the husbands character yet the nervousness, guilt and uncertainty of the husband creates an atmosphere.Vivante uses a chronological narrative structure that is simple to follow and we know that the events are taking place according to occurrence. The plot is interesting and Vivante builds up suspense and tension whilst the husband is waiting for Sarah at the cafe with an increasing smelling of guilt. We wonder will he stay or will he leave, will Sarah turn up or wont she? It reaches a climax when Sarah turns up and the husband intimately appears disappointed. The husband doesnt appear to know who or what he wants exactly.The novelty and excitement of the affair seems to have worn off and it has now become a chore, The appointment was at three (Vivante 19886) yet he cant seem to walk away from Sarah. This reflects in the ironical ending when Sarah is lying in his arms but he is picturing his wife doing the can-can as she had been earlier in the day. The can-can appears to have had the effect that his wife valued after all. Graham Greenes short story The blue convey is about a married couple on holiday in Siam, now known as Thailand. Mrs Carter complains that the holiday is tedious, and urges her husband to take her to Spots.Mr Carter leaves the hotel in search of something. A little boy comes up to him and, after turning plenty his offers of a young girl and a boy, Mr Carter takes him up on the offer of a French film. Returning to the hotel, he picks up his wife and they set off to belongher to watch the film. Mrs Carter finds the first film unattractive, but the second has some charm. It is not for some time, though, that Mr Carter realises that the film is familiar to him. When he does realise, he tries to get Mrs Carter to leave, but she refuses.It turns out that thirty years ago Mr Carter had been attracted to the young woman in the film. She had needed money, and he had helped her out by acting as her follower in the film. On the way back to the hotel, Mrs Carter professes herself shocked, but when they get back to their room she is in fact aroused, and makes erotic love to her husband with a passion she has not known for years. Greene tells us straight away in the first line of the story that something is wrong with this couple and that they are not happy. Other people have it away themselves, Mrs Carter said (Greene 198274).The couple would be from a middle-class background to be in Thailand and later in the story we are told that Mr Carter is a businessman. Greene portrays Mrs Carter as almost being desperate in wanting to please her husband Mr Carter, by wanting to be exciting and experiment but we learn that although Mr Carter quite likes experimenting himself, he simply doesnt want to with his wife as he isnt physi cally attracted to her and almost appears to want to get away from her. When he looked at her bonk he was reminded of how difficult it was to unstring a turkey (Greene 198274).Greene uses a lot of dialogue throughout the story which plays an important role as Greene uses it to create mental synthesis tension when Mr Carter realises it is him in the film and doesnt want his wife to find out. Greene also uses the dialogue to create a picture of Mr and Mrs Carter, not only as individuals but what their relationship is like. Im sure we could find a better place than this. No. (Greene 198277). Greene also uses a lot of description oddly in regards to Mrs Carter, who he even unflatteringly compares to birds on occasion. Her thin bare legs reminded him of a heron waiting for fish. (Greene 198278).The story is narrated with the impressions that a womans worth is hardened through her attractiveness and economic terms. For example Mr Carter compares his wifes jewellery to slaves bangles . Mr Carter wants to shock his wife in order to put her off, so that she doesnt want to experiment but ironically it has the complete opposite effect. Another irony is that Mr Carter has gone to see something exotic and has ended up eyesight himself. The ending has us realising that he has only ever loved the girl in the film and he has simply married his wife for business reasons, such as taking her to dinner parties.We know this as there are only two women in the story, the girl in the film and Mrs Carter, after Mr and Mrs Carter have made love, Mr Carter almost appears to feel abused and he feels lonely and guilty, so we can conclude it is not her that he loves. It seemed to him that he had betrayed that night the only woman he loved. (Green 198279) When comparing the two stories against each other we can see some noticeable differences. Can-Can appears to be set around the 1960s-80s in America, going out to a call box (Vivante 19886) and is about a young working class couple.T he Blue Film however is set around the 1950s, in Thailand and is about a middle-class middle-aged couple. It can be seen that whilst Vivante only names the mistress and not the husband and wife in Can-Can, Greene names the husband and wife but not the other woman in The Blue Film. Whilst in Can-Can Vivante uses minimal dialogue which doesnt play much of a role, Greenes use of dialogue in The Blue Film plays a very important part in establishing Mr and Mrs Carters relationship and their individual characters.The husband in Can-Can is seen as finding his wife attractive, a smile that suddenly made her look very pretty (Vivante 19885) and it is her he is persuasion of at the end of the story however in The Blue Film, Mr Carter finds his wife extremely unattractive, one so often mistook the signs of frigidity for a kind of distinction (Greene 198274) and it is the girl in the film that he is thinking of at the end of the film.Greene creates a lot more imagery in terms of the setting, hi s wife, himself and the girl in the film whereas Vivantes main(prenominal) use of imagery is his wife doing the can-can. In comparison whilst there are several differences there are also similarities. Vivante and Greene have written both Can-Can and The Blue Film in the third person and tell you what the husbands are thinking and feeling, guilt, tension, nervousness and uncertainty, both depicting the husbands as being in conflict with themselves and their decisions. Carter lay in the dark silent, with a feeling of loneliness and guilt (Greene 198279). Both stories have lots of irony, For a moment I was afraid you where thinking of your wife (Vivante 19886) and the same theme of a husband having feelings for another woman outside of his marriage and the events that take place in both stories are that the husband makes love with this other woman.The openings of each story are similar and we know straight away that something isnt right and whilst initially we believe that the endings are different, with Vivante ending Can-Can with the husband thinking of his wife and Greene ending The Blue Film with the husband thinking of the other woman, the prostitute, they are actually ending very similarly. Both husbands are thinking of the women they actually love and the ironic ending in both stories is that both are experiencing that the grass isnt always greener on the other side.

Lisa Benton Case Essay

This slipperiness was interesting because it provided a hardly a(prenominal) examples of the conflicts that are stated in organization behavior theories and models. The main issues that we see in this particular graphic symbol are those dealing with recognition, personality, and motivation. There seem to be some(prenominal) internal and external factors that are causing the issues. In specific, the internal issues derive from the personality of convey individuals, which influence their behavior but there are external factors that derive from the management and organization itself that are attributing to the individuals forbid behavior. In the interest paragraphs, we will explore these issues further by identifying specific incidents that affected Lisa Bentons implementation.In evaluating the job choices that Lisa Benton, one can assume that she was a Type A achiever. We can see this because of the particular strengths and weaknesses that she evaluated per company to make her final job selection. Using McClellands theory, we can label Lisa Benton as having a Type A personality because the position she was seeking would require her to invite personal responsibility, feedback, and moderate risks. Both job opportunities offered personal responsibly and feedback, however, the position at Right-Away was too visible, therefore, the risks of weakness would have been more noticeable to the companys hurrying management because it was a smaller organization.Thus, the risks were more than moderate and at that time Lisa Benton did not have sufficient self-efficacy to think she could qualify for the Right Away management position. Furthermore, we can have an idea about what motivates Lisa Benton and in examining the case, Lisa finds the intrinsic rewards more important than the external rewards. For example, the case states that even though the position at Right Away offered a better salary and upper management position, the learning and training opportunities, the recognition, and life development at Houseworld were more valuable.Linton makes it clear that she does not like or is impressed with Harvard MBAs, therefore, she is explicitly stating her personal bias against individuals with Lisas particular educational/ overlord background. The specific perceptual process bias is the stereotyping/ implicit personality theories and tell error. Linton only familiarizes herself with Linton by examineing her resume, but immediately generalizes Lisa with opposite MBA graduates that whitethorn have exhibited genuine personality traits that Linton did not find favorable.Consequently, Linton is stereotyping Lisa before she has an opportunity to show her skill sets, to see that Lisa has a very approachable personality, and does whatever tasks are needed heedless of her role. Linton does not have an MBA and the case states that she was in Lisas previous position, so Lintons approach to career development may be different from Lisa. This contrast error in any case contributes to their poor functioning relationship because Linton considers Lisa different from her, so perhaps an individual that she could identify with would have made her feel more comfortable. This may be the reason that Linton and Scoville, who both have similar backgrounds, work together in effect and share the same bias towards Lisa Benton.In respect to Scoville, he is also a personality Type A, however, unlike Lisa Benton his Type A behavior is more extreme. He displays a higher level of competiveness, time urgency, and anger. Interestingly, Lisa Benton and Scoville are both Type A personalities, however, Lisa Benton possess a higher sense of self-monitoring. Scoville also has high self-efficacy, but on the extreme side of the spectrum because his self-efficacy over rides his ability to work effectively in a team and does not seem to care on how he impacts the morale of his peers, in which ultimately impact their performance and perception on the organi zation.Lisa Benton has a Type A personality, but has an external locus of control. She feels that her performance and the drawbacks she is experiencing are solely caused by this particular management team. She is not considering that her instantly lack of action (internal locus of control) is also contributing to the negative behavior from her management team. This can be seen in Scoville as well, when at the end of the case he expresses to Lisa how his behavior is due to his frustration with the organization and the lack of promotion opportunities however, Scoville is failing to realize that perhaps his inability to self-monitor his negative behavior and inability to effectively interact with others are the reasons that the organization does not consider him for a promotion.One particular effect that we see happening in the case is the way that Scoville influences Lisa Bentons performance. His constant reminder that she is on a learning curve and her performance is expected to sta y at a minimal level, including her participation in projects, until she ultimately receives sufficient training to perform at a higher level. This Pygmalion Effect that takes place does indeed impact Lisas performance as she hesitates to take initiatives on certain project tasks or provide more opinions and feedback during presentations. Scovilles expectations of her limited performance, despite that she did have the ability to be a high performer, were believed and accepted by Lisa Benton.Additionally, another theory that we can see in this case is Kellys theory of casual attribution. Lisa Benton complains to other peers about her working relationship with Scoville and eventually her imprints lack of managerial skills. This theory is relevant because it shows that Lisas statements about her current management team and their negative behavior is shared by other employees (consensus), her management team often exhibits negative behavior (consistency), and even in informal fits su ch as the lunch meetings shes had with Scoville and Linton (distinctiveness).The negative performance review was also an issue with this case. The specific issues with the negative performance review can be seen in how it lacked the proper performance review cycle. During the beginning of the case, Lisa Bentons gaffer failed to provide her with specific tasks, goals, and did not pee-pee standards. Therefore, when Lisa requested her 3 month evaluation, Linton was not able to powerful review her performance record. As a bailiwick of fact, she was so focused on the negative formulations of what she perceived as being Lisas weaknesses, that she did not mention any of the strengths that contributed to the teams performance. One of the few things that Lisa should have considered after the negative performance review is to schedule a follow up review immediately in a formal setting in order to properly document her strengths, weaknesses, and goals.The performance review would have als o allowed Lisa to document the external factors that were contributing to her mediocre performance and force Linton to properly address them. If Linton would have refused to provide her with a formal performance review, then she should have approached the group product manager and address this issue with him. The negative aspect of this action is that it may have further alienated her from the current management team, since Linton may have felt that Lisa disregarded the chain of command by expressing her concerns with upper management versus addressing it directly with her. The pros of this approach may have been that the negative behavior of her current management team would have been brought to the attention of upper management or human resources and finally addressed to avoid future incidents.My recommendations for alternative solutions to the problems identified may have been to continue pursuing a formal performance review, and establish reoccurring one on one meeting with her brag in order to improve their working relationship. Perhaps by interacting with her boss more often (even if forced), her boss may have overcome her bias of Lisa due to her educational background. The weakness in this recommendation may be that it can alienate Scoville and contribute to his negative behavior. He may feel that Lisa is attempting to overshadow his role in the team. Further, I would have expressed my concerns about the negative behavior and its impact on my performance to the group product manager, so he would be aware of these issues. It is important that upper management is informed of this kind of behavior in order to rapidly address them before valuable employees leave the company.