Gender and Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gender and Sexuality - Essay ExampleThe ability to emote with others, feelings of intimacy which fall in nonhing with any impulse of pressure to procreate, and the freedom to express all facets of the mind, ar factors which distinguish slew as a distinct species and the highest and most evolved life form.Giving and receiving cozy pleasure is a heterogeneous trait and a highly evolved capability at the same time. It whitethorn or may not be associated with reproduction. Sexuality involves both the physical body, as well as the mind. It is strongly influenced by environmental circumstances.Imposed norms of society dominate notions of sexuality and its link with gender so strongly, that the two axes are inextricably mixed in most minds. A strong bias towards norms of heterosexuality is an overbearing outcome of these conventions. much(prenominal) impositions are so ingrained in standards of childhood exploitation that instances of misconceptions and denials of natural instincts abound.This document reviews published literature on the valid and assumed links betwixt gender and sexuality, considers the implications and burdens of stereotypes, reviews ethnic and cultural differences in the borrowing of homosexuality, and concludes with suggestions for a liberal world in which individual freedom with respect to sexuality is respected and encouraged. time there are some historical references to homosexuality during ancient times, heterosexuality has dominated the social development throughout the ages. The practice of homosexuality has been entirely repressed at worst, and indulged in surreptitiously and treated as a form of abnormal behavior, not just for centuries, but even during the first half of the twentieth century.The scientific study of homosexuality is of relatively recent origin with a rapid acceleration of true work in recent times (Gonsiorek, 1982). The United States has led the world in creating a broad of revolution in researching and unders tanding homosexual behavior, especially during the last decade. However, the volume of work available to examine is still scanty, considering the complexity and social significance of the matter. Collections of findings, surveys, and theories are therefore especially valuable at this stage. This applies to surveys of sexual preferences as well (Oliver, & Hyde, 1993). Homosexuality may be more prevalent, especially in some degrees, off the beaten track(predicate) more often and widely than conservative influences have cared to admit.Family backgrounds and societal influences need to be understood to pry the sexuality of homosexuals (Ritter, and Terndrup, 2002). It is now appreciated in professional circles that conceptions of homosexuality as have prevailed in the past, may be in grave error. Such biases are self-propagating in powerful ways because they form the backcloth to the development of personalities by infants and by growing children as well. An individual may not expres s or even admit to homosexuality because of strong conditioning of the mind that it is morally wrong, and because of imposed notions that heterosexual feelings are the only legitimate and desirable form of human sexuality.International researchers (Asthana, and Oostvogels, 2001) have observed ethnic differences between people of the same sexual orientation, with respect to their sexual habits and preferences. Homosexual men in Southern India for example, have it away intimacy in ways different from the typical Western stereotype that

Earth science (geology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Earth science (geology) - taste Examplean aquifer it is very important that the unit should be fully saturated, has open voids or spaces and could suffer equal get of ground peeing at fast rates to wells and springs. An aquifer can of three types unimprisoned, wrapped or perched. An unconfined aquifer is one which has no confining layer between the zone of saturation and the land surface. A confined aquifer has a layer in between the land surface and the saturated zone. This confining layer both suspends water to pass through it at a very low rate or non at all. Confining layers be generally made up of clay, silts or rocks such as shale. Lastly, a perched aquifer is the saturated zone which is situated in the zone of aeration and lies above the confined layer. The unconfined aquifer has the capability to provide the maximum amount of water, followed by the confined aquifer. A perched aquifer can provide water enough hardly for a household (Groundwater storage in aquifers, n.d).The potentiality of an aquifer in a region can be determined on the basis of the permeability (capacity to transfer water) and porosity (capacity to hold water) of the geological material. According to research, the most(prenominal) potential usable aquifers are found in regions where the land is comprised of unconsolidated sand and gravel because they allow the maximum permeability of groundwater to be transferred to wells and also have the capacity to hold maximum water (Maine Geological Survey, 2011). Other regions where productive aquifers are found are the aquifers which are formed of sandstone, limestone, bitter spar or basalt flows. Sedimentary rocks such as sandstones or carbonates form one of the best aquifers since they have higher(prenominal) levels of porosity. Certain fractured or dissolute sedimentary rocks also have the capacity of holding significant amount of water and therefore can act as good aquifers. Limestones are also productive aquifers since they are highly permeable. Aquifers formed by fractured metamorphic

St. Francis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

St. Francis - Essay ExampleIt would be my attempt in this paper to deduct the reason the stigmata is described by Bonaventure as a mark of a special holiness on St. Francis, and if it was indeed special, the reason why the holy man tried his best to keep it a secret during his spirittime. Bonaventure was attempting to embed St. Francis as a man venerable and worthy of imitation,( P 182) and hailing the stigmata as the ultimate plea for worshipping the saint. As he says in the Prologue itself... But even more is this confirmed/ with the irrefutable testimony of justice/by the seal of likeness of the supporting God,/namely of deliveryman crucified,/which was imprinted upon his body/not by natural forces or by human skill/but by the wondrous power/of the Spirit of the living God.( P 182).But perhaps his motives as a theologian for setting up St. Francis as an exemplary saint were not unmixed with the politics of the Francis raise Order, and the immediate consumes for the surv ival of the Order itself.Issues of this nature can only be resolved by studying Bonaventures general outline of St. Franciss vivification and his character traits and aspirations. We would fatality to investigate what made St. Francis who he was, what he considered the purpose of his life and the reasons why St. Francis was considered holy even forward he received the stigmata. We would also do well to perhaps look into who Bonaventure was, the historical con textbook in which he wrote the text, why he undertook its writing, the state of the Franciscan Order during that period. Moroever, since the text is a biography we need to qualify the distance from St Franciss actual lifetime it was written. It would also be important to know what other accounts, if any, of St.Franciss life were available at the time, because no text can be completely understood without a intervention on the background from which it emerged. And to grasp the special significance of the stigmata and the sain ts efforts at concealment of this phenomenon it is important to understand the text in its entirety.Even in the very beginning when Bonaventure describes St. Francis in the first chapter On Saint Franciss agency of Life while in Secular Attire Bonaventure remarks upon the good nature of the saint-to-be, emphasizing his suitability for receiving the taboo stigmata His gentleness, his refined manners, his patience, his superhuman affability, his generosity beyond his means, marked him as a young man of easy natural disposition. This seemed to be a prelude to the even greater abundance of Gods blessings that would be showered on him in the future.( P 186). But it is in receiving the vision of Jesus Christ on the cross as described by Bonaventure in poetic detail that marks the lifelong passion of St. Francis to imitate the life of Christ to worship him through imitation by undertaking pain, trials and tribulations. It is significant here that Jesus Christ does not appear to the holy man in His beautiful resurrected form, but in the painful impalement on the cross, somewhat foretelling the Seraphic vision that accompanies the stigmata. This terrible aspect of Christs voluntary suffering aroused the young Franciss empathy and sustained it through the rest of the years of his lifeAfter long and urgent prayer, he merited to be heard by the Lord. One day while he was praying

Capital Strucutre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capital Strucutre - turn out ExampleBased on the above assumption, the theory suggest that the firm value is independent of the cap strucutre and on that point is no fixed combination of the debt and equity which green goddess suggest that it this level the firm has the optimal capital strucutre.However, in practice it is largely believed that the capital strucutre with 60% of debt and 40% of equity can be optimum for the firm. Higher debt capital may fund the growth of the firm however with increasing debt, it becomes problematical for the organisations to keep the financial covenants of their debts intact hence high debt ratios incur further risk for the organistion therefore there is no such magical relationship between debt to book capitalization ratio.The debt to book capitalization therefore vary from industry to industry and there Is no solid formula to determin tha the debt to book capitalization ratio of 60% therefore there is no capital strucutre theory under which it can be warrant that a debt to book capitalization ratio should be 60%. A greenfield project is one which is create from scratch and is not constrained by any previous work. These projects are mostly constructed on the reinvigorated land where there is no room or need required to remodel the existing opus of land to demolish the existing strucutres. According to the transcation theory of foreign direct investment, the mode of entry into markets peculiarly foreign markets depends upon how efficient the greenfiled projects will be as compared to the domestic facilities. If the greenfield projects are going to give much efficient results than the existing ones than going for greenfield projects can be a good move however if efficiencies are not achieved than in that case greefield projects may go awry. Therefore one of the most important lesson which can be learned from this is the fact that how good greefield projects can bring the desire efficiency and effectiveness in the c ompany specially with relation to the operational efficiency. (Hennart). Apart from that the greenfield projects providethe organisation necessary room to look for snap off and more efficient resources.

Personal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal - Essay ExampleEach of the section also contains scope information of all(prenominal) type of service offered by the bank.The financial banks offer several services for the customers and each of them has different importance for different types of customers. The introduction of technology and the fast growth of internet usage lose allowed the financial companies to add more value to the customers without much effort. The beginning of internet banking has made it easier for the customers to conduct their banking activities at ease and at their convenience. Although the mode of banking has evolvedbut the overall concept of individual activities are still the same. This paper is rivet on the services offered by HSBC bank in their website. It will cover three basic services in details, which are Banking, Borrowing and Investing. The Qatar branch of HSBC will also be covered in this paper. nest egg Bank AccountThe banking segment of HSBC offers two types of services, savings account and actual account. An individual can necessitate anyone or both types of account depending on his requirements. The savings account allows an individual to accumulate funds and have interest on it. It helps the individual to save money for future use.Current Bank Account The current bank account is particularly for business purposes and offers services, which are exclusive to financial activities of a business. It allows the customers to deal with liquid state funds, such as deposit funds, withdraw funds, write check, etc. Moreover, the customers can make unlimited proceeding in a day (Money, 2015). HSBC Qatar offers three different types of accounts based on the requirement of the customers. They are prefatory Current Account, Advanced Current Account and Premier Current Account.Money Transfer The money delight facility of HSBC Qatar allows the customer to transfer funds to different accounts. The customers can transfer money to pay bills, manoeuvre money to

The Impact of Internships on Graduate Employability Assignment

The wallop of Internships on Graduate Employability - Assignment ExampleThe paper further focuses on the analysis of the normal course path for a post-internship candidate along with identifying the employment prospects from a long marches and short term concern. Accumulatively, the paper has been focused on reviewing the value of internship in the current day context. Table of Contents administrator Summary 2 Introduction 4 Analysis of the Current Graduate Labour Market both(prenominal) General and Specific 4 put Skills, Knowledge & Aptitudes Required From Internships to Enter the Market 5 Identify the Medium and Long Term Prospects for Post-Internship Employment 7 Identify the Value of Internship 8 Conclusion & Recommendations 9 References 10 Introduction Lowden et al. (2011) stated that creating recruitment opportunities through placements and internships will not only provide an efficacious functional method of encouraging suitable consciousness, capabilities and skills amo ng the graduates but can also endorse creative teamwork and alliance within highly educated interns and employers. Basically, an internship is a part-time training program as per the academic world. In the present scenario, the issues regarding employability have emerged as the core concerns of the various higher education sectors all around the world. For instance, in 20102011, the UK government attempted to invest large sums in two internship schemes for undergraduates and graduates. In January 2010, UK government also think to deliver a funding amount of ?12.8 million to 57 universities and colleges in order to support the graduate internship programs. It has further been analysed that by the end of March 2011, under these schemes, 7,900 internships were already completed in the UK, which was app atomic number 18nt from the crop of employment within the national context (Hobijn et al., 2011). Analysis of the Current Graduate Labour Market both(prenominal) General and Specifi c By taking into consideration the present situation of the employment market, it has often been argued that the unemployment rates, income crop of recent college graduates and the trends of part-time employment have declined after the cyclical recession of 2001, which indicates a direct descent between employability and internship programmes (Hobijn et al., 2011). However, a world(prenominal) perspective depicts that during the period of 2007 to 2012, the trends of employability have been declining gradually, even though a suppuration concern was witnessed towards internship programs. This particular phenomenon has been apparent in the case of financial companies where the employers desire to recruit experienced candidates and where post-internship candidates are observed to gain better scope to enter into these competitive employability markets. However, conversely the candidates with no experience slope to face greater challenge in attaining employability affecting the overa ll employment growth in the global context (Hobijn et al., 2011). According to Kocherlakota (2010), it is viewed that this unrelenting high unemployment rate is due to huge structural frictions within the US labour market rather than the weak demand for employers who are associated with severe recessionary impacts. For instance, mismatch happens when employers are seeking for skills which are quite different from what available workers offer. It is in this context that internship offers career associated job experiences to a candidate

Cell phone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cell phone - Research Paper ExampleDoctors atomic number 18 skeptical about the health set up of incrementd exposure of the ears, mavin and head to the electromagnetic radiation. Their quirk has instigated a series of researches that tend to investigate the effect of use of cell phone on the piece body. A lot of researches have realized changes in the read/write head activity as a resolve of use of cell phone, though many researchers argon of the view that more research needs to go into determining the potential ways in which these changes are detrimental for human mind and body. Along with the increase in cell phone use, the incidences of cancer have also exploded all over the world. This whitethorn be a consequence of the microwave radiation that is employed for communicating through cell phones. Studies that arrogate a relationship between cell phones and diseases like cancer and Alzheimers should not be fleecy aside as inconclusive (Disadvantages of Cell Phones). Cell p hone affects the brain activity by boastful a boost to the brain glucose metabolism in particular regions, though if or not it is something dangerous is still debatable. Talking to WebMD, the director of the National Institutes of Healths National Institute on medicine Abuse, Nora Volkow said, we dont know that this is harmful but we know that glucose metabolism is a direct indicator of brain activity (Volkow cited in Doheny 1). The sugar is consumed by cells in the brain for energy. This conclusion was drawn after(prenominal) a comprehensive research by Nora Volkow and her colleagues. They involved 47 healthy volunteers in that research and performed PET scans of their brains after placing the cell phones on their left and right ears. The glucose metabolism in the brain was measured twice. While poring over the effect of cell phone on the brain on the positron emission tomography (PST) scans, Volkow frame a 7 per cent increase in the metabolism of glucose in the region of bra in that was closest to the antenna in people that held the cell phone on either side of the brain for 50 minutes. As a result of this research, Volkow concluded that cell phones gene posteriore electromagnetic radiation to which, the human brain is sensitive. The professor of neurosurgery, Keith Black is specifically concerned about the damaging effects of the use of cell phones upon childrens brains because of the fact that the body defense in children is not as strong as it is in the adults. Their skulls are thinner. Children are getting a lot more energy from cell phones delivered to their brains than adults (Black cited in Doheny 2). Researchers tuitioning the effects of cell phone use on human body have already determined negative effect of the cell phone radiation on the animal body. Swedish researchers who conducted the research upon rats found a relationship between Alzheimers disease and the use of cell phone (Disadvantages of Cell Phones). In their research, rats were candid to the cell phone radiation just for two hours. After fifty days of the experiment, when the rats brains were examined, the researchers found a lot of dead cells. From their research, they concluded that cell phones cause considerable harm to the brain cells and instigate Alzheimers disease. The researchers particularly found damage to the brain regions that play a fundamental role in memorization, movement, and learning. Results of this study are of huge significance due to the fact that state of development of the brain of a rat resembles that of the brain of a

Animal Cruelty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Animal Cruelty - Research Paper ExampleThe given work will dissertate the main arrive ats of animal cruelty and provide the recommendations on how to struggle with the problem.Animal entertainment is one of the many forms of animal cruelty that often goes un noniced. Animals argon used in zoos, circus, bull riding and bull fights. virtually of these animals are taken from their homes and forced to live in much small replicas of their natural habitats. These animals do non the likes of being confined, which often results in aggressive behaviors, they are usually accused of. Many animals are killed, because they are considered dangerous for people. Nobody thinks about the real causes of this aggression.Animal experimentation is also a form of animal cruelty. In 1938, the food, drug and cosmetics act was passed requiring animal testing of certain drugs and chemicals to make sure they were untroubled for humans. Millions of mice, rats, cats, dogs, monkeys and many other animals are waiting to be experimented on right now. 90% of them are rats and mice (Mice and Rats in Laboratories). It is well-know that mice and rats are very similar to humans psychologically, they can have different feelings like humans, but it is not taken into account when choosing animals for experiments. It is well-know that mice and rats are very similar to humans psychologically, they can have different feelings like humans, but it is not taken into account when choosing animals for experiments. Mice and rats are mammals with nervous systems similar to our own. Its no cloak-and-dagger that they feel pain, fear, loneliness, and joy just as we do. These highly social animals communicate with each other employ high-frequency sounds that are inaudible to the human ear (Mice and Rats in Laboratories). Most of these animals used for experimentation live in cold, barren cages before the initial experiment takes place.More than one millions animals are used in labs per twelvemonth in the U.S . Most animals are poisoned,

Cultural artifact analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cultural artifact analysis - Essay ExampleIn the older times when the stand was not yet invented, man used animals as means of transportation & carrying load from one distinguish to another. After the advent of the wheel, man invented bicycle which ran by the mechanical force of its bearer & also carts & wagons which were pulled by animals. More time passed & man came to know about the metals, its properties & molding methods. Thus, the era of automobiles came into existence. In the initial stages of evolution, automobiles were draw in by a steam powered engine. Most of these were lacking a roof. The steam powered automobiles unbroken on developing till the 20th century but the majority was inclined towards the petrol engines in the late 19th century, so the steam powered engines were only left as curiosity.I chose a car as my artifact as I think a car is one of the intimately important inventions in the world, it made the world smaller and has diversifyd the method of travelli ng. With a car in campus, I can go anywhere quicker than without a car. I use my car to go to crop every day and I can reach distant spots such as Meijer, hind end or Meridian Mall in only a while. America is usually referred to as the nation on the wheels as nearly everyone in the U.S. has at least one car. In China the measure of cars is also increasing everyday and it is through this that they can be able to save a big money of time. Gradually with time cars name also evolved as a fashionable item which people change every now and then.I own a vintage car as it represents my culture and set that have been embedded in me throughout my life. The car makes me proud as it helps to reach certain places at the quickest possible time along with reminding me of the cultural values. The car helps me recognise the times when we did not have cars our country and I used to stare at these vintage cars on the road. The vintage cars help me realize that the

Gender development in kids Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

sexual urge development in kids - Research reputation ExampleGender focuses on whether an private is male or female based on how a person acts. It is related to what tribe expect from women and men. Sex, on the other hand, is related to a persons body. It has to do with whether an single is biologically male or female (Myers-Walls, 2010). Very few cases of wrong sex identification control happened in the past. Meanwhile, the sexual urge of a person can only be have sexn by himself or by those close to him, and this does not take up to be printed in any legal document. According to Oswalt (2008), Kohlbergs surmisal of gender identity development describes how young children learn to understand their gender, and what being that gender means in their everyday life. Kohlberg theorized that there are 3 stages to this process. Initially, during the early preschool years (ages 3 to 4 years), young children control in gender labeling. junior children can tell the difference betwe en boys and misfires, and will label people accordingly. However, these very young children still believe that gender can change and is not permanent. Influences on Gender Development of Children Every iodin is influenced by society. From the moment each one is exposed to others, he begins to think about how he should act around them in terms of words and characteristics. Another influence that society has on an individual is the development of his gender. Recent studies show that children of age five and up already have an idea of the gender that they belong in, and it is also during this time that they act out to be a boy or girl depending on what they think is appropriate (Gender and Child Development, n.d). Oswalt (2008) also says that by age 5, children tend to play with gender-specific toysYoung boys often play together in larger groups, while young girls tend to play more in pairs and smaller groups. Some of the stereotypes that the community has are that a inadequate girl should play with dolls and a little boy with trucks or other male toys. This is in reference to the kind of personality that they need to develop women being passionate and kind and men being aggressive and strong. The children themselves do not know this during their early days, but when they look up at their models (i.e. parents, guardians, media), they try to act out the role of the one that they consider to be the most similar to them. Little girls tend to take up the actions of their mother, while little boys tend to copy their yields. Durso (2000) also states that gender stabilityis the realization that girls catchn up to be women, that they dont grow penises and becomes men, and vice versa. Little boys realize that their penises will not fall off and that they wont grow a vagina and become a woman. This trend is disrupted when parents do not give their children the right affection that they deserve. For example, a father who wants to have a son and is given a daughter in stead would either feel immaterial towards the daughter, or raise her as he would his son. A daughter that is raised in a masculine role most

Deforestation as an Environmental Problem Assignment

disforestation as an Environmental Problem - Assignment ExampleThe trail of the discourse, thusly, is to provide a short report on the subject of deforestation by (1) providing a apprise summary the problem (2) by outlining its causes and finally, (3) analyzing some possible solutions to the problem. Brief Summary of the Problem Deforestation is delineate by the Food and horticulture Organization (FAO) as referring to change of land cover with depletion of tree lead cover to less than 10 percent. Changes within the forest class (e.g. from closed to open forest) which negatively partake the stand or site and, in particular, lower the production capacity, are termed forest degradation (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2000, p. 1). Deforestation is regarded as an environmental problem for the reasons that slickness of trees or depletion of forests and woodlands leave insufficient numbers of trees which allow been proven to store vast amounts of carbon needed to prevent continu ed global warming. Also, due to elucidation activities in forests and unsophisticated areas, the burning of trees emit substantial carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is deemed contributory to the green signboard effect (Oracle turn over Quest n.d.). Likewise, trees also have inherent abilities to aborb water, if vast amounts of trees are uprooted and cut, the deforested region is therefore prone to floods or extreme dryness, causing further destruction of lives (human, animals and plants). Concurrently, trees and forests have been revealed to function as slipway for conserving biological diversity where various flora and fauna have survived in their natural habitat. Deforestation by natural (storms, blizzard, eathquakes) and human induced activities disrupt and contribute to the loss of biodiveristy which eventually leads to extinction of endanged species. Cause of Deforestation As revealed, the causes of deforestation are varied ranging from finding other alternative us es for the land for planting, grazing animals, existence used as residential areas due to population expansion, being allocated as roads, subdivisions, and even for logging (Oracle Think Quest, n.d.). As deduced, deforestation is caused by human activities to satisfy diverse human needs. According to the FAO Key Findings encompass on Global Forest Assessment in 2010, deforestation mainly the conversion of tropical forests to agricultural land shows signs of decreasing in several countries but continues at a high rate in others. Around 13 million hectares of forest were converted to other uses or lost through natural causes each year in the last decade compared to 16 million hectares per year in the mid-nineties (FAO, 2010, p. 3). Possible Solutions At the onset, one could analyze that the solution to this dilemma is straightforward to replant trees and to stop neat those that are still currently surviving. However, to implement this, those identified to be authorized to maintai n, monitor and restrict cutting and focus on preservation and conservation must design strategies and plans for commission and governance through policies and regulations. As disclosed by FAO (2010), 80% of the worlds forests are publicly owned, but ownership and management of forests by communities, individuals and private companies is on the rise

Case study reflection 2 pages per case 8 total Essay

Case guinea pig aspect 2 pages per case 8 total - Essay Exampletudy of metformin-associated lactic acidosis-MALA, in which the interactions of drug that is, orlistat in the long run and cimetidine in the short run, may have triggered the womans curb (British Medical Association, 1988, pp56-87).The case involves a 59-year-old woman having had diabetes type 2 for 14 years, presented a history of 3 months of unclear abdominal pain and 4-5 daily loose movements of bowel. Her condition had worsened for over 4 long time before her admission to the hospital. On the admission day, she exhibited signs of weakness, dizziness, and blurred vision. In addition, her husband had observed inaudible deliverance and an abridged level of consciousness (Ehrman, 2009, pp234-345).When the diagnosis of metformin-associated lactic acidosis with cardiovascular collapse and acute prerenal renal ill luck was made, it was discovered that she needed She required a vigorous rehydration, infusion of sodium b icarbonate, support of inotropic, and the therapy of renal replacement. Empiric all in ally, all cultures of blood, urine, and feces were sterile. Three years later she was dialysis independent and the stability of became real having a creatinine of 250 mol/l.The study aims at answering the question of what initiates MALA in patients who previously had normal renal functions. Though the approach of manipulation this condition is unknown, the available options have been supportive and usually focus stopping the drug, correcting the acidosis and treating the coexisting conditions which in around instances are renal impairment. The therapy of renal impairment eliminates lactate and metformin from the blood. Metformin is absorbed comparatively cursorily in the intestines, and is not metabolized. And 90% of the drug is removed through glomerular filtration and secretions in the tubules. It has a half life of 1.5-5 hours (Dong, 2006, pp34-45). When compared with phenformin, it yields a negligible increase in producing lactate, which seems to be past the extra hepatic

Analysis of Life story by David Shields Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Life story by David Shields - Essay modelingI particularly enjoyed Shields atypical and fresh way of structuring this essay. The sentences are put unneurotic coherently to deliver the message on different aspects of life. However, the different sentences sued in the construction of a split up are independently able to deliver a message and make sense on their own. For instance, when he says This vehicle not purchased with drug money. Hugs are better than drugs. The two sentences are independent of each opposite in terms of examining, but they are coherently linked to make a sensible dissever which is nice to read especially because it has a prose flow. Shields uses powerful phrases and sentences which sound like bumper stickers. When the condition says, Heaven doesnt want me and Hells afraid Ill take over, this extract signifies a strong deeper meaning. In my opinion, the author is trying to tell us that neither heaven nor hell faeces take humans life. The author wants to tell the readers that he is a bad fathead especially due to the tone of his voice throughout the essay. I feel that deeply, the author wants us to be strong in life and live without fear of death. To him, Heaven and Hell are humans imagination and, therefore, we should not worry about dying if we live on earth happily. In life, we can find the real things if we work hard and most importantly, work hard.If we think deeply, we own our lives. Personally, I commence seen bad guys live more than 80 years, and also good guys can live 80 years.

'Estimating Project Costs' Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Estimating Project Costs - Assignment ExampleCost is likewise the most important parameter of exclusive concern for higher level management, accountant, customer and former(a) stakeholders of leap out and cost estimation is likewise performed during aim planning phase.Appropriate cost estimation is very authoritative for the successful development and delivery of project. It shall not only facilitate all resources allocated to the project but also an important factor for the client concern. Thats why this is Project Managers core responsibility to come up with realistic cost estimation for project considering all factors and dependencies in mind so that client cornerstone be provided with exact cost requirement of project and further allocations of resources can be made likely with cost requirement. Now the question arise how is it possible to define good sign estimates of cost for whatever nature of project.Cost is the factor that has link with every entity of project like for any construction project it might be aggregate of cost related to construction material, machineries used for construction, cost of human resources(engineers, architects, labors, technician, pipe fitter etc) and other costs. Another example is of software development project, costs associated with such nature of project shall be of infrastructure used for development, cost of human resources(business analyst, software developers, design architect, testers etc),critical computer resources, memory requirements and any other costs even cost of pizza or refreshments for team members. Lets discuss ternary estimation types that can be relied upon by Project Managers for defining initial estimates of cost for their project.At the initial level of project when requirements are not vivid it is difficult to come up with accurate initial estimates of cost and time. There is always possibility of uncertainty in

A Winning Political Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Winning Political Strategy - Essay ExampleFrom this paper it is clear that the progressive Socialists (PS) Partys ideology is on meliorate communism whereas the ideology for the Conservatives of Urbania (CU) is conservative. These two ideologies when brought together and amalgamate well forget automatically win the elections with a landslide. Information states that the votes swing to the left meaning that the continuous tense Socialists Party is in a better position to form a coalition with the Conservatives of Urbania Party. The Progressive Socialists remove an exceptionally strong winning channel on the ideal tax rate, which is to keep the tax order as low as possible as compared to the other parties. This is a strong campaign point since the majority of the Urbanians will be able to enjoy extra savings after taxation. This is ideal for the parsimoniousness since it will spur growth and individual investments will increase. Naturally, people are attracted to parties tha t will ensure that they will tax them minimal tax, which is an advantage to the Progressive Socialists Party.As the discussion outlines the ideological type of the Progressive Socialists Party similarly is particularly strong considering the concept that they have in regard to being reformed communist. Currently in the world, there is a humungous concept that capitalism is not working. This is evident from the recent recession that happened just deep and currently what is happening in Europe. Europe is experiencing the Euro Crisis due to the capitalists ideology and therefore the reformed communist ideology is decidedly much ideal. The Conservatives of Urbania (CU) Party ideology is on conservative. This means that a confederacy of two ideologies, which are, reformed communist and conservative will be a strong alliance when both parties merge for a coalition.

The Little Ice Agehistory middle ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The weensy Ice Agehistory middle ages - Essay ExampleThese dramatic glacial advances often had important realistic consequences for near human populations. In the Chamonix v tout ensembleey which is quite close to Mont Blanc, France, numerous farms and villages were lost to the advancing front of a nearby mountain glacier. (Mann, ) The damage was so menacing that the commoners sought the help of the Bishop of Geneva to perform an dispossession of the dark forces which is presumed to be the ones responsible for much(prenominal) weather disturbance. During the late seventeenth and proto(prenominal) 18th centuries such societal threats were common, since many glaciers wide well beyond their previous historical limits. Colder conditions combined with altered patterns of atmospheric movement, appear to be tied to the prevalent crop failures in the more northern beas of Europe during that time. During the 17th to 19th centuries, there are prevalent accounts of famine, disease, and increase child mortality in Europe which are partly related to the extreme mothyer temperatures and distorted weather conditions. Undoubtedly in the European society, not all effects of the climate changes were harmful. When the Thames River in London froze, it was celebrated with a overwinter carnival. Furthermore, the colder climate appears to serve as an inspiration for some writers during that time. Charles Dickens idea of the old-fashioned white Christmas was a concept that bloomed from the icy winters and frequent cold weather. The Little Ice Age may have been more significant in terms of increased variability of the climate, rather than changes in the average climate itself. Based from Michael E Manns write up on Little Ice Age, it is said that the most dramatic climate extremes were less associated with prolonged multi grade periods of cold than with year to year temperature changes, or even particularly prominent individual cold spells, and these events were often quite proper(postnominal) to particular seasons. In Switzerland, for instance, the first particularly cold winters appear to have begun in the 1550s, with cold springs opening around 1568 the year 1573 had the first unusually cold summer (Pfister, 1995). The increased unpredictability of the climate truly led to extreme changes between unusually cold winters and relatively warm summers. A harsh winter followed the hot summer that precipitated the Great Fire of London in the year 1666. This as well as weather transformation further added to the restlessness of peasants who plagued the Bastille in Paris during the summer of 1789. The demise of the Scandinavian settlements in Greenland that had been established during the early centuries of the second millennium has constantly been blamed from the cooling of the Little Ice Age. When the sea ice extended in the North Atlantic it certainly created problems for fishermen in Iceland and Scandinavia especially the Norse settlements in Iceland and Greenland. During the 14th century, the Norse settlements relied on trade with the mainland Europe but because of the increased winter some trade routes between Scandinavia and Greenland closed. With their viands base affected since they are also unable to hunt sea mammals in the winter, Norse fortunes also declined rapidly. Malnutrition and premature deaths plagued

The American Dream Essay Example for Free

The Ameri clear fancy EssayThe 2007 LA Times editorialsAmerican Values and the Next President, bodiedlyprovide a detailed sketch of where the United States is straight off with respect to the determine that under commence the creation of an American people. A more(prenominal) perfect union entails difference customs and allegiance of the past behind tour forging together many people from diametric lands of origin, culture and faith guided by multiracial tolerance and integration. It also calls for abandoning all forms of social and governmental hypocrisies as the Union strives for perfection even if it remains an ideal. In animateness, the definition of human life tier becomes an classic contemporary issue non besides because of the persisting debates on abortion and capital punishment precisely also because of the developments in human genetic modification. The results of the theme elections will certainly influence the debates over the issues on human life as f ar as the individuals constitutional right to life is concerned. Liberty highlights the excesses of the Bush administration which put the liberties of Americans at risk for the sake of fighting terrorism.It suggests that the adjacent chairman should not treat the liberties of the people as collateral damage for the governments efforts to stop terrorist threats to country of origin security. Justice points out that the executive branch should also try to continue to uphold the principle of competent justness before the law instead of solely relying on the judiciary. The next American president should involve to it that the Department of Justice and the federal courts play an activist role in thwarting discrimination. The editorial emphasizes that popular presidential candidates ar fit to fulfill that role than their Republican counterparts.Despite the notable progress in practicing the value of Justice by means ofout the years, more remains to be d mavin, which is why the nex t president has immense shoes to fill. In Pursuit of Happiness, vital issues with respect to government regulation in what is supposed to be the free enterprise system are scrutinized, namely federal budget, tax code, workforce, value of the dollar, and social security. The next president faces the task of creating strategies through government policies that regulate the economy, depart from the style of the Bush administration and instigate the individual pursuit to earn properties.Powers of the Earth tackles environmental issues that, despite not being a study part during the Constitutions framing, require the attention of Congress and the Presidency. The editorial, with the exception of a few Republicans, states that the positions and responses of Democrats are clearer and better than most Republicans on environmental issues. On the other hand, Domestic Tranquility ties together the issues of poverty, understructure and peace.The editorial opines that sustaining Americas prid e requires the next president to restore and create new infrastructures season advancing and guarding free trade for the benefit of the economy and of the poor, in that respectby achieving domestic peace. The Common Defense draws the line between acting positively out of ambition, idealism and creativityexceptionalismand acting negatively by exempting ones self from common rulesexemptionalism. The article suggests that the next president should practice self-restraint and wisdom when argue America from threats coming from terrorist networks without compromising alliances and diplomacy.Lastly, The General Welfare asserts that issues surrounding healthcare, education and immigration are linked, establishment the nations ability to promote general welfare. Thus, it is imperative for the next president to carefully name and address such issues because a sick and uneducated America dealing with illegal immigration problems can just now ever be a productive America. The series of ed itorials rekindles the call for the restoration and promotion of American values that once created the nation.With the theme elections, hope and the prospects of a more perfect union remain alive. Personally, hopes of reliving the American Dream do not only resurge during national elections. Although the presidential elections provide insight on the immense possibilities that lay before this country, the times when America faces struggles of epic proportions also offer a glance of what the American Dream should be. In times of natural calamities, the American Dream is to mount a collective effort to rebuild while setting aside social and policy-making differences.The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, for instance, teaches the lesson of unity and cooperation while giving people a glance of how the suspension of personal, social and political disparities can truly make America rise back to its feet. In times when alarms to national security land upon the country, the American Dream is to seize upon the golden opportunity of making America more secure from external threats without risking diplomacy through unrestrained and unwarranted persecution of those who are enemies only by nature of baseless suspicion coupled with heated up emotions.The sizeable damage of the 9/11 attacks indeed calls for the perpetrators to be brought before justice. Yet, at the same time, it does not solicit the wild abandon for more cruelty and injustice towards people on unconnected shores whose only sin is to have been born to a different race or religion. Indeed, the fact that America is a multicultural land only demands no more and no less than tolerance and the careful handling of both domestic and international relations. The American Dream is summed up, thus e pluribus unumliterally, out of many, one.Out of many, there is only one hope for peace and unity. Out of many, there is only one hope for security. And in such multitude, there simply is no room for bigotry guised in the f orms of religious, racial or political persecutions. At the least, the collective effort to rebuild especially during massive disasters and the efforts to attain unity amidst diversity during threats to national security enshrine part if not all of the American values discussed in the series of editorials. At crush, they capture part of the essence of a more perfect union.Clearly, life and liberty can exactly continue to prosper if America is unable to rebuild when stumbling upon a roadblock in whatever form. Life becomes difficult when the nation stumbles no one becomes free to pursue her or his own happiness. Justice can also hardly be served to the average citizen if the American government itself is unable to practice and project justice towards other sovereign countries. Threats to national security raised the bar on the crackdown for illegal immigrants seen as potential state enemies.While the aim is noble, ensuring Americas safety does not have to mean creating policies th at essentially discriminate based on race or religion. To discriminate in whatever form or degree further adds to the inequalities already present. Moreover, more focus on campaigns a attractst terrorismmeaning, waron foreign shores only drains Americas precious resources which could have been used to address issues that are far more threatening, global warming being chief of them. Regardless of religion and race, a united America in the clamor for peace and environmental protection can go as far as national resources can permit, perhaps even beyond.The classic saying you only know what you have until it is gone best summarizes the connection between the American values discussed in the LA Times editorials and my personal version of the American Dream. Facing times of seemingly insurmountable national disasters, natural or man-made, we realize the need to reenact the values that once helped create America. National elections also remind Americans that there is nothing to lose and everything to gain when electing the candidate who represents and is committed to enact the American values that made this nation great. Word Count 1,249References A More Perfect Union. (2007). Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http//www. latimes. com/ watchword/opinion/la-ed-union10dec10,0,6837580. story Domestic Tranquility. (2007). Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http//www. latimes. com/ word of honor/opinion/la-ed-domestic26dec26,0,7243568. story Justice. (2007). Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http//www. latimes. com/news/opinion/la-ed-justice14dec14,0,3982825. story Liberty. (2007). Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http//www. latimes. com/news/opinion/la-ed-liberty14dec14,0,5822438. story Life. (2007).Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http//www. latimes. com/news/opinion/la-ed-life12dec12,0,4564448. story Pursuit of Happiness. (2007). Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http//www. latimes. com/news/opinion/la-ed-happiness18dec18,0,4854426. story The Common Defense. (2007). Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http//www. latimes. com/news/opinion/la-ed-defense27dec27,0,2489279. story The General Welfare. (2007). Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http//www. latimes. com/news/opinion/la-ed-welfare28dec28,0,710619. story The Powers of the Earth. (2007). Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http//www. latimes. com/news/opinion/la-ed-earth20dec20,0,7174443. story

Marketing demographics Essay Example for Free

Marketing demographics riseThe profile for the potential customers of pier Bicycles consists of the following geographic, demographic, and behavioral factors It is said that the immediate geographic target of the fraternity is capital of the United Kingdom. In terms of demographics, the companys market segment includes male and female whose age ranges from 25 above. In a study conducted, it is noned that commuter cycling in the city is mainly dominate by white males with ages ranging from 25-44 this is because women is facing more barriers in cycling than men (See Figure 2). Most cyclists atomic number 18 also employers and employees who have seen the benefits of cycling with their health, economic and personal factors. As potentiometer be seen, children are not considered as a potential market since London is not allowing children to use bicycle for transport. Aside from this, another(prenominal) factors to be considered in the demographics of the potential customers of Bob includes the levels of bicycle usage, reasons for use, behavioral factors and geodemographic factors. Figure 2 Profile of modify Cyclists 2006-2007 Behavior Factors.In terms of behavioral and cultural aspects, it can be said that Bob bicycles can be considered to have a big potential in London because of the high quality bicycles of Bob which meets the current trends in the bicycle market. In addition, there is a value attributed to the used of bicycle as a means of transport. There are various attitudes to cycling that should be considered by Bob in the London market (See figure 3). This result was based on the study conducted by TFL Omnibus visual modality in 2007. Most of the perception of the individuals with regards to cycling is its economic, personal and health benefits. Figure 3 Attitude towards Cycling. base on the analysis, it can be said that Bobs plan of expanding his business in the London market, is very feasible and potential based on the current trends in busin ess environment and the consortium of demographics and potential target markets.Reference Automatic Traffic Count Data (2007). London Travel notify 2007, 2007, TfL. Online functional http//www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/corporate/London-Travel-Report-2007-final. pdf. Retrieve October 6, 2008. Heywood, C (2004). The Near Market for Cycling in London. Online addressable at http//www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/cycling-market-report. pdf.retrieve October 6, 2008 Cycling Action Plan (2004). Creating a chain reaction The London Cycling Action Plan.Online available http//www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/downloads/businessandpartners/cycling-action-plan. pdf. Retrieve October 6, 2008 Cycling and Motorbikes (2008). Online available at http//www. bbc. co. uk/london/content/articles/2005/06/14/cycling_inlondon_feature. shtml. Retrieve October 6, 2008 Synovate Ltd (2008). TfL Omnibus attitudes to cycling, 2007, Synovate. Online available http//www. tfl. gov. uk/assets/d ownloads/businessandpartners/cycling-training-effectiveness-results-summary-2008. pdf. retrieve October 6, 2008.

Social group Essay Example for Free

Social gathering analyseThis book, Aint No Makin It, supplys the lives of the y turn uph who be living in a neighborhood of secondary income earners. It shows that people ar non sad because they ar not ready to work, but it is because of various social structural barriers that get them entrapped in poverty. The book is about the lives of two distinct units of teenagers who live in the inner- urban center with one unit believing in the ideology of exercise while the separate unit rejects it. It throw out shows how the society crapper play a destructive part in the lives of the marginalized in the society so giving the well to do a chance to blame the less fortunate yet they ar the victims with the excuse of passment ideology. The on the job(p)s class kids are the blacks who call themselves the brothers and believe in achievement ideology. They hurt realized that racial discriminations which pick up already ceased to exist do the past generations not to excel in their endeavors.Now they view the society as one that has given them a level playing principle and they decide to achieve what they want by excelling in school and not engaging in noisome habits. The second social group, which is made up of the whites who call themselves mansion hangers, on the contrary, reject the ideology of the achievement and believe that their aspirations are low in the labor market (MacLeod, 2008, p283). The hallway hangers have realized from friends and family that they cant make it out of the poverty and due to this, they engage themselves in bad habits like skunk dope and dropping out of school among other unlawful deeds (ibid p29).Despite the fact that both(prenominal) groups have different aspiration levels, no exclusive group prospers in its endeavors. The hallway hangers do not get any degree of up-ness but the brothers, although they fail to get what they exactly aimed for, they do make to achieve a fraction of it. Thus the poor blacks turn out to be better of than their parents but the poor whites turn out poorer than their parents. Macleod has the belief that the working class kids have a tendency of ending up in working class professions with this he in addition points out that the familys class structures are passed to the culmination generations by dint of the school system.The working class kids are besides discriminaten using limited linguistic codes which ready a dis avail at school while the other group uses elaborated codes which have an advantage for they are the codes used in the schools academic setting (ibid, p226). As it is evidenced, no single group prospers with the reason for this failure being that the whites believe that e actuallything is on their way but the blacks believe that they have to struggle to make it in life. They both end up as losers due to the fact that they are disintegrated with different ideologies.Although the blacks excelled in school, what they achieved from the school wer e theories which could not help them excel in life. The fact that the blacks gained some upward mobility but not all they expected shows that one can not jump from the bottom to the communicate of the society in one lifetime for it has to take time it also shows that at that rate, in triplet generations time the blacks bequeath be at the middle class if at all they teach their children to hail in their footsteps.Despite the efforts the blacks made in school, they view themselves as losers and tend to view the America as a society which does not keep its promises olibanum ending up in hurting themselves more. The working class families should mentally salmagundi their fashion through being honest to themselves and thus be fitting to improve the education in their children this can be through working very hard to show their children the importance of commitment and working hard in school for fifty-fifty if they do not excel, they result be able to overcome some barriers.Macle ods work is seen to have played a very important role in both the Brothers lives as well as that of the student residence Hangers since it made it possible for them to see beyond their immediate despairs and conditions. Both groups experienced a persistent rung of poverty with negative role models such that they could not help themselves for those who had no fathers, they suffered great grief and anger. Although the brothers believed in achievement ideology while their counterparts did not, the outcome is that the dominant culture guarantees a better result for the hallway hangers as compared to the outcome of the brothers (ibid p66).Education cannot be treated as a part of luxury, but as a necessity in the country. There is a major advantage for the outcome of attending school. Nevertheless, it is until the join States comes to recognize the reality that America as a country symbolizes several ways of interpreting selective data on the basis of various linguistic codes in compa rison with various cultural and social classes through this they will know that the way education is arranged in the public schools is an enormous disadvantage to the groups in consideration, that is the brothers and the hallway hangers.There is no theory being constructed up to this moment to bring about societal par in the manner education is arranged. For instance, in Haiti, the colonizers do not allow for educational equality but the parents have struggled to make their children be able to recognize some linguistic codes used in Parisian French so that they can fit in the professional market. For people to grow singly there is need of self- actualization this is to mean that with the brothers getting positive role models who will give them expert a bit of basic motivation, their lives will change a great deal (ibid, p283).The whites should stop their negativity in life and understand that hard work is the key to success it is through this that they will not depend on the fact that they are white for their survival. The brothers should realize that patience pays and it is through patience that they will get to the top since they can not go to the top at once but has to go through steps which take time (ibid p 226). If the teenagers tried hard enough in their all day lives then they could have made it in life. There is one boy who almost made it but he fails because he cant drop the behaviors of the poor such as having kids at a tender age.There are some behaviors which cannot be changed by education as is shown by the boy who makes it to a community college and has a chance of going further but has to drop out after he impregnates a girl in the neighborhood. The youngsters just lacked the drive to forget about their beginnings and thus work hard to better their lives so their failure to achieve their set targets had nothing to do with capitalism. The metaphysical framework used by the seed is that of the two major races in the United States which can never be at par in their achievements in the society.The blacks are expected to be below the whites and seen working very hard and achieving very little while the whites should just have achievements come their way with no struggling. The main topic of discussion is that of whether hard work pays as it is shown in the lives of the brothers who although achieve little, it is due to the efforts they assemble the whites end up gaining nothing since they do not work hard at all and in deed leave school and engage in illegal activities. It is at this point that the country should change the academic curriculum to fit the groups in discussion.The topic of discussion is very important to the author for he wants to show that even the blacks can make it to the top of the society if at all they work towards it. It also shows that the blacks should not loose hope because they are not gaining to their expectations since they can not do it in a day. One only needs to set a target and work towar ds it and be satisfied even if he makes a single step towards it and believe that it is only a matter of time ahead he achieves the whole of it (ibid, p 204).Macleod hangs out with both groups to get the eldest hand data rather than relying on statistical data. He follows them and even after realizing their beliefs, that is achievement ideology, he later on goes back to them to receive data on how far they have gone in realizing their dreams. He goes directly to his interest group which is the teenagers (the blacks and whites) and in fact he shows no interest in their background families but is only evoke in their aspirations and beliefs.The author used the best method in his collection of data since he got the first hand information which is never distorted and biased this is shown by the fact that he interviewed those people he was interested in and also use the method of data collection of observation. He also asked the questions for the information that he saw necessary su ch as their aspirations and the intended ways of achieving those aspirations. The results he yielded are reasonable because as he collects the data by asking questions, he can as well see for himself the realities for he is collecting the data by himself.He further goes back to them to see what they have achieved and finds that it is as he had expected. His going back shows that the results are true for it is at this point that he sees for himself the outcome of their beliefs without interviewing. Since his look into is based on many people of two different races and ideologies, it is okay to apply it as if it is for the world(a) universe of discourse as long as the circumstances he based his research on are the same.The researcher has taken a good sample which is a good representation of the whole population since he has included in his research two races and two ideologies. There are no other better methods which could have been used to conduct this research since the most app licable are observation and interviewing and they are the ones used. The research yielded valid results since it gives a reality in America which nobody can deny this shows that he had the best methods applicable in use to get valid results.The interpretation of the data by the author is the best he could have given since it is the reality that you have work hard to achieve your expectations and also the fact that it took time for him to make the conclusions. After he interviewed the teenagers, he had to come back to them years later to see how the youths were doing. He found out that the blacks had achieved something which is because they were optimistic but the whites had made zero progress because of their pessimism in life which led to most of them dropping out of school and start taking drugs.The book is a good read because it shows that the less fortunate in the society can change their status by working hard and stop blaming the society for their failure. The book clearly sho ws that one becomes what he aspires to be if he is focused and optimistic thus anybodys son can be the president. Work cited MacLeod Jay, Aint No Makin it Leveled Aspirations in a Low-income Neighborhood, NY, Perseus Books Group Publishers, 2008

Culture and Language in Society Essay Example for Free

Culture and Language in Society EssayIn a world that is rapidly moving toward a predominantly technological and uniformed organization, lyric and glossiness argon becoming increasingly crucial to defining an psyche. For many race, shade still completely dictates their authority of life, as is evident in many religions, such as Hinduism, where the line between religious traditions and effortless life is blurred. Just as Henry Trueba can be quoted in Afforming Diversity, Whatever turn inledge we acquire, it is forever acquired through language and finish, cardinal interlocked symbolic systems considered essential for human interaction and survival. Culture and language are so intricately intertwined that level off trained scholars buzz off it unrealistic to decide where language ends and begins, or which virtuoso of the twain impacts the early(a) the most (189). Without language, gardening would be, as Trueba stated, virtu eachy non-existent, as certain emotions c an merely be conveyed in certain languages. The uniform holds true for language, as it is often impossible to translate texts maculation retaining the same literary and emotional connotations the original version contained because certain wrangle scarcely exist in those languages.Moreover, language, especially in literature, leaves oft up to interpretation, and translations often omit any ambiguity that the author may take away originally intended. When searching for English versions of Fyodor Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishment, several versions are available, each translated by diametric individuals. In each of these books, differences can be observed in the way the plot is described, though they rarely make any difference in the larger scheme. Even the spelling differs (e. g. Dunya and Dounia) simply because of the way the translator thought the word sounded ph matchlesstically.By the same token, reading a Tang dynasty poem in Chinese differs greatly from the English tran slation. though the English version manages to retain most of the poets original message, it lacks the fluidity and the poetic essence that can be found in the same poem in Chinese. As with all subjective issues, language is subject to interpretation, and to take away a literary works original language is to deduct from the piece as a whole. Knowledge, however, is not, as Trueba described, acquired solely through culture and language.It is not demand for language to exist in prescribe for us to know that fire is hot, or that water is wet. Though we may not be able to place these feelings with these specific words, we know that they exist because our sense of contact tells us so. If I chose to call fire water, the flames would still burn my hand when I touched it heretofore if I had attributed a word that would normally extinguish the flames to it. By doing so, I have not flip-flopd the entity I have renamed, but have simply categorized it chthonic a different label.A fluff do es not need to know the meaning of the word hot in order to know that a burning stove is extremely warm to the touch, or the meaning of the word light in order to know that it is brighter in the day than it is at not. After all, a rose by any former(a) name would be just as sweet (Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet). Ever since ancient days, culture and language have played integral roles in defining an individual and dictating ones everyday life. The morals that we live by are straightaway related to our pagan values, which are evident in ancient texts, such as the Koran, password and Torah.These books, however, have been translated so many sentences that their meaning has no doubt been at least meagerly changed. In the Jewish culture, the Torah must be recited in Hebrew, the original language of the Jews. In this instance, Hebrew is much more than just a language it also symbolizes the religious beliefs and customs of the Jewish people, and in this way, much of their traditional c ulture can be retained. Likewise, Catholics conduct Mass in Latin (though it is not as common anymore) and like in Judaism, much of the culture is maintained that way as well.Language leads directly to culture and culture to language in a cyclical process so that the boundaries between the two become virtually nonexistent. By the same token, language (be it English, Russian, Greek or Japanese) would differ greatly from what we know today if culture were to cease to exist. Much of culture as we know it would be lost without language, as it would be next to impossible to carry on ethnical traditions from generation to generation without a fashion of communication. Much of the vocabulary accumulated in languages is a direct result of cultural practices, traditions and innovations.Each time a naked as a jaybird revolution in society or technology takes place, a string of new words is developed. It is estimated that a few dozen new words are added to the English language simply each y ear. 1 Common words such as television, Internet, and telephone would have meant nothing two short centuries ago. The word silhouette only came into existence after the French Minister of Finance under Louis XV, Etienne de Silhouette, began decorating his office with cheap, black paper cutouts.Back then, the word was associated with stinginess, as the people felt oppressed by the strict financial measures he set on the French in order to replenish the treasury, which had suffered as a result of wars with Britain and Prussia. 2 Today, however, the word is often used to described stylish, chic products, and can be found on cars like the Oldsmobile Silhouette, and shoes, such as Silhouette, a Dutch shoe store. As culture develops, language, too, must evolve to accommodate the new changes as people feel the need to identify objects and feelings with words.A persons way of utilizing language can also tell a lot about his/her cultural background. For somebody raised in a normal urban envi ronment, the word Negro will have a very meaning as opposed to the individual who had grown up in the Ku Klux Klan. For the urban refreshful Yorker, Negro would be a derogatory and offensive term that should never be used. For the Klan member, however, the term would be to ignorant and degraded and alto conquerher sold to the devil. Likewise, the word char could be considered a derogatory vilification depending on the context it is used in. For many women in this modern era, if a man were to say Hey woman, get over here and help me with this, it would warrant the man getting a slap across the face, because it not only is insulting, but also reminds women of the days when they were considered inferior to men. This locating exists particularly in Western culture where women are considered equal to men (even still, discrepancies exist, particularly in positions of power and politics).In many Islamic countries, however, this harming of deprecating behavior towards women is accepta ble to the point that a woman basically becomes her husbands property. Calling someone hey woman would certainly not be regarded as derogatory or insulting by the majority of the people in these countries (e. g. Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan). For the women there, such behavior is acceptable because it is tolerated within their culture. The word itself is simply another label that describes who they are. In a culture that believes that women are inferior to men, sexism towards women in language would be common.Three centuries ago, the same attitude would hold true in Western civilizations as few women could hope to rise above the system and hold a position other than that of a housewife. It had been a belief that too much culture for women would result in evil. Thus, women often obtained an education only to the third grade level. Since society had deemed this acceptable and even necessary back then, calling someone woman would not be as offensive as it would be today. Though the word has remained unchanged, the connotation it carries differs greatly as a result in cultural changes.The number of languages one knows also reflects on the level of cultural awareness one has. The more languages one knows, the more likely it is he/she will have a deeper sense of the various cultures that exist in the world. Being bilingual in Chinese and English, I am able to understand Chinese culture better than someone who does not know the language because my view of the Chinese culture and traditions is subject only to my own interpretation, rather than that of a tour guide, publisher, author or another individual.As stated previously, it is impossible to translate everything word for word and thus certain phrases can only be communicated effectively in the original language, yet such expressions are often imperative to further understand a culture. For example, the words Long live the people of the world appear on the Tiananmen gate in Beijing. To translate it literally , however, the same phrase would be May the people of the world live for 10,000 years. Though the general meaning is the same, brush aside differences still exist. Language and culture are inextricably linked in defining an individual, society and nation.Without one, the other would cease to exist as we know it. Simply by listening to the language, or even a dialect, a person speaks, one can often tell a lot about their cultural background. Generally speaking, the Californian accent shows that the person is most likely laid back and easy going, slice the Southern drawl may depict a persons tendency to take things slowly. As it would be flimsy to find a member of the social elite speaking Ebonics (Black English), it would be safe to assume that the individual who speaks the dialect is from an urban environment, and is culturally aware of the urban scene.Just as Trueba had states, there is no sectionalization at which language ends and culture begins, as they continue in a cycle with one completing the other. In order to understand ourselves better, we must first understand our heritage, which is composed largely of language and culture. To find a definite distinction between the two would be impossible and would call for a change to language and culture as we presently know it.https//www.hugedomains.com/domain_profile.cfm?d=tlsmarketinge=com

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Freedom Fighters EssayNelson Mandela was a visionary bigdom fighter who brought about the decease of an apartheid society and solidified the democratic elections of presidents by majority rule to South Africa. Born in 1918, Mandelas early introduction to leadership in the Thembu tribe molded his democratic beliefs (Nelson Mandela, 2009). His youth found him exposed to Western culture which finally led him to abandon the Thembu culture and relocate to Johannesburg (Nelson Mandela, 2009). It was during his early years in Johannesburg that he explored the m all policy-making philosophies that surrounded him. It was also during this time that Mandela began thoughtful observation and contemplation of the struggles of the swart men and women in South Africa. Mandela came to the conclusion, It was not lack of ability that limited my people, but lack of luck (Sohail, 2005). His profound dissatisfaction with the apartheid society and the oppression of his people eventually led him to join the African National relative or ANC in 1944 (Nelson Mandela, 2009). In 1948, the Afrikaner dominated National Party established the apartheid customs into police (Sohail, 2005). In response to this the ANC initiated the Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws at the urging of Mandela (Sohail, 2005).This was the turning point for the ANC and the outgrowth of Mandelas rise to recognized leader within the ANC. Prior to this effort the ANC was committed to peaceful duologues. With Mandelas convincing they converted to nonviolent protesting with the goal of everywherethrowing the white minority government and putting an end to the apartheid laws (Nelson Mandela, 2009). These scoreless protests were met with violent opposition. It was one such violent encounter that propelled Nelson Mandela and the ANC to adopt wildness as a authority of protest. In 1960, sixty nine protestors were killed by government police, this act ultimately lead to the development of Umkhonto we S izwe (Spear of the Nation) by Nelson Mandela (Nelson Mandela, 2009). The Umkhonto we Sizwe was an offshoot of the ANC whose sole purpose was to eng bestride in violent sabotage of the government. It was Nelson Mandelas activities within the Umkhonto we Sizwe that ultimately led to his capture and incarceration. His trial and sentencing captivated a world audience and forced the actions of the South African government into an international spotlight.(Nelson Mandela, 2009).Fully expecting thedeath penalty, Mandela rebutted the idea of seeking appeal recognizing the strength of his position in regard to the cause If anything we might serve the cause greater in death as martyrs than we perpetually could in life (Sohail, 2005). Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment and solidified his standing as a symbolic personification of South Africans fight for freedom (Nelson Mandela, 2009). While incarcerated the violence that Mandela birthed continued to escalate over the years. The world continued to pay attention and the United Nations began supporting sanctions against the South African government (Sohail, 2005). Mandela, cognizant of the violent chaos, began to contemplate a lurch in strategy. Recognizing that the movement he began was not vast lavish to outright overthrow the existing government he began to consider the possibility of negotiations. At the height of the violence and with increasing international pressure the South African government was ready to negotiate as surface. The showtime of many secret meeting took place in 1988 between President Botha and Nelson Mandela (Nelson Mandela, 2009).While these negotiations failed to produce any compromises they set the precedent for Bothas successor F.W. de Klerk in 1989. President de Klerk was committed to change and meaningful negotiations. With the suffice of President de Klerk, Mandela established the foundation on which the ANC and the South African Government would negotiate (Sohail, 2005). President de Klerk tip-tilted several of the apartheid laws and ensured Mandela his freedom. Nelson Mandela, to the celebration of millions, was released on February 11, 1990 (Sohail, 2005). After spending 27 years in prison, Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk mediated the negotiation of the multi caller Convention for a Democratic South Africa (Nelson Mandela, 2009). The culmination of these negotiations was the Record of Understanding signed by Mandela and de Klerk in 1992 establishing a freely elected constitutional assembly (Nelson Mandela, 2009) and the drafting of a new constitution. The send-off free democratic elections took place on April 27, 1994 (Nelson Mandela, 2009), effectively ending the minority white reign and the apartheid laws. For Mandelas backbreaking contributions and sacrifices to bring about these social and political changes he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993(Nelson Mandela, 2009).Andrew capital of manuscript was a revolutionist and the 7th Pres ident of the United States. It was though this pursuit of the United States presidencythat he changed the political landscape changing the way presidents were elected and solidifying presidential violence. He further initiated significant change with the displacement of the Native Americans atomic number 74. (Red pitcher Productions, 2007) Andrew capital of Mississippi was born 1767 in South Carolina. Orphaned by the ultra War at the age of 15, he quickly developed a reputation of be naughty tempered and violent (Red pile Productions, 2007). Yet at the same time, he maintained a strong work ethic and earned a law degree. He relocated to the frontier lands of Tennessee at the age of 20 to serve as a public prosecutor. It was during this period in his life that he first experienced formal politics. Serving as Tennessees first relationman he quickly became let down with the political scene. Frustrated with ineffective committee meetings and what he saw as far reaching corruptio n, he returned to Tennessee where he became a superior court judge. (Red Hill Productions, 2007) At the urging of his supporters and amid far reaching popularity, Jackson once again entered politics with a bid for the 1822 presidential race. Andrew Jackson was defeated in 1824 disdain winning the popular vote. John Quincy Adams was awarded the presidency at the discretion of the sitting House of Representative (Andrew Jackson, 1997). sceptred by what they saw as a corrupt election process where presidents were decided via the political elite group and not the will of the common people, Jacksons supports organized the first Democratic Party (Red Hill Productions, 2007). United under the Democratic Party the common people led a feverish campaign. This campaign culminated in the electing of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1828 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Recognizing the political power of an organized party the republican Party was realized later in the decade. Originally dubbed the National Whig Party (Red Hill Productions, 2007), the birth of this party laid the foundation for a two party political system that continues to dominate politics today. During Andrew Jacksons two term presidency he further enacted political change by redefining the office of President within the government. In juxtaposition with the founding fathers, Jackson saw the role of the President as the leader in government rather than the Congress (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Being the only position in government to be elected by the vast majority of the common people, Andrew Jackson envisioned the presidential responsibility as to serve the good of all people (Red Hill Productions, 2007).Withthis responsibility came great power which Jackson wielded with great efficiency. He invoked his executive power and utilized his veto power vehemently (Red Hill Productions, 2007). With this wide sweeping reform and successful transition of political power to the President, Andrew Jackson is c redited with being the first modern President (Red Hill Productions, 2007). While serving as President, Andrew Jackson determined to expert westward expansion of the United States enacted even further political and social change with the Indian remotion Act of 1830 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Jackson was the catalyst that ultimately concluded with the displacement of the Native Americans east of the Mississippi (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Recognizing the significance of westward expansion for the continued success of the United States, Jackson introduced the Indian remotion Act in a message to Congress in 1830 (Red Hill Productions, 2007). This displacement of the Native Americans would unfold Native American lands for the white Americans to develop and unfold westward. The Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress in 1830 (Red Hill Productions, 2007).Despite the Supreme Court ruling in favor of the Cherokee people, Andrew Jackson locomote forward with the Indian Removal Act forcing a westward movement of the Cherokee people (Red Hill Productions, 2007). This westward movement was famously termed the Trail of Tears (Red Hill Productions, 2007). This impacted the Creek and Seminole people as well and effectively solidified the expansion of the white farmers and business entrepreneurs on the land west of the Mississippi for the American people (Red Hill Productions, 2007). Andrew Jacksons contribution of the establishing of political parties and the expansion of presidential power solidifies his legacy of enacting significant political and social change. These contributions continue to remain the foundation of politics in the United States. His Indian Removal Act was an equally significant example of political and social change that allowed the United States to expand westward. This westward expansion firmly cemented the continued success of the United States.ReferencesAndrew Jackson. (1997). In Biography Reference Bank. Retrieved from http//ehis.ebscoh ost.com/ehost/ language?sid=986fb1e9-82c5-4a86-8443-28de1ed235%40sessionmgr112vid=13hid=4208 Nelson Mandela. (2009). In Biography

Environmental Impacts Essay Example for Free

Environmental Impacts EssayThere is a fully grown gap between highly- certain and developing countries in terms of the attention given to environmental concerns. As a general rule, developing nations place the environment low on their list of priorities. Managing the ecosystem takes a rear end oceant to economic advancement and industrialization, which be seen as more pressing needs. On the other hand, developed nations generally take a more proactive role in environment management because they bedevil the budget and the technology to do so.They have also recognized that further economic development abide no longer do without sustainable environmental practices (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001). Stemming from this basic difference of priorities is the great dissimilarity between the environments impacts on the wellness of people living(a) in the First dry land and those living in the threesome World. However, it is simplistic to assume that t he former be invariably healthier than the latter. turn it is true that developing nations use less environmentally-friendly practices, the sheer level of industrialization and commercialization in developed countries sometimes means that these countries produce farthermost more pollution and thus create more health problems for their citizens. A comprehensive assessment of the interaction between human health and the natural environment is non possible given the length of this paper. Nevertheless, this essay will explore some differences between First and Third World nations with regards to two selected major public health issues, namely, air pollution and water pollution.Air befoulment Palo and Solberg (1999) have identified carbon dioxide as the or so abundant greenhouse gas produced today, and they cite it as the about critical contri hardlyor to global warming, a phenomenon that poses a grave threat to human health and security. Confalioneri et al. (2007) detailed the e xact nature of this threat in the Inter presidential termal Panel on Climate Changes Fourth Assessment Report. Global warming first affects humanity by changing weather patterns. organic temperature swings, irregular precipitation, rising sea levels, more powerful storms, droughts and heatwaves have all become more frequent as a direct result of global warming. These phenomena in turn negatively affect the timbre and quantity of food, water and air available to human populations. These phenomena inflict a great amount of damage on human settlements and infrastructure as well. The worldwide spikes in malnutrition, infectious diseases, and deaths from extreme weather events are all directly proportional to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.The IPCC also warned that developing societies were at the superior risk to these environmental pressures. Among these developing nations, Douglas et al. (2001) cited coral reef atolls and reef islands as the most prone because th eir judge of land loss are dramatically impacted on by incremental rises in sea level. They cited the quickly disappearing land of the Maldives, the Marshall Islands, and some low-lying Japanese islands as some of the most alarming manifestations of global warming.They added that rise in sea levels has led not plainly to escalating land loss, but also to the contamination of underground water sources in nations such as Israel, Thailand and island states in the Pacific and the Caribbean. The combine loss of arable land and potable water caused by global warming does not all lead to malnutrition and disease but also to social pressures such as overcrowding in cities, which increase the version on the human populations health.In addition, developing countries lack the infrastructure to protect their populations from the progressively negative repercussions of climate change. In nations such as India, Bangladesh and Burma, relief efforts for victims of increasingly destructive st orms are routinely slowed down by the insufficient facilities, resources and personnel. However, it should be noted that developed countries are not immune to these calamities. The uncommon destruction wrought by Hurri shadowere Katrina on a major U. S.city serves as a puritanic reminder of the vulnerability of First World nations to extreme weather events. Cooper and Block (2007) are only two of many Americans who have accused the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of universe prepared for natural disasters on paper, only to be caught flat-footed when Hurricane Katrina struck the city of New siege of Orleans on August 29, 2005. Cooper and Block also blame FEMAs ineptitude for the unsanitary living conditions thousands of survivors had to endure for several weeks after the disaster.To this day, New Orleans has not fully recovered from the hurricane. Carbon dioxide emissions are not the only major source of air pollution. Other chemicals such as sulfur dioxid e, newton oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also pose significant health problems. As zest (2004) has underlined, these primary pollutants are doubly hazardous because they can react photochemically to create secondary pollutants, and these secondary pollutants can also bear with further chemical reactions which result in even deadlier substances.This type of air pollution is one of the most critical problems in China today, especially in the capital of Beijing. As one of the most rapidly developing countries in the world, China has seen an enormous surge in demand for fossil fuels to feed its factories and the motorized transport of its citizens. In addition, China has much lower emissions standards for its automobiles compared to other countries, leading to more pollution produced per vehicle. Tang cited Song et al.(2003), who noted the sharp increase in respiratory diseases among Chinese living in urban areas, as well as many residents complaints about the chronic l ack of visibility in Beijing. at a time again, these health problems are not limited to developing countries. In fact, this type of air pollution is sagaciously felt in megacities such as Los Angeles and London, where air quality is severely compromised by the millions of automobiles and the factories located in and around the city limits.However, developed countries are taking definite steps to decrease the pollution, with one famous exception. As Al Gore observed in the documentary An Inconvenient Truth (2006), the United States lags far behind its European counterparts when it comes to enforcing more environmentally friendly emissions standards for its automobiles. The discrepancy has reached the point where some American vehicles can no longer be sold in European countries because they no longer meet government environment safety standards.

A Cup of Hot Tea Essay Example for Free

A Cup of live teatime EssayA cup Of Hot tea Tea is a kind of jollify. We get It from leaves. Now-a-days it Is popular drink in the world. where grows Tea grows hygienic in the hilly places where rain water can not stand at all. It grows in Bangladesh, India, mainland China and Japan. In Bangladesh it grows well in the hilly areas Sylhet and Chittagong. How grown Tree plants grow seeds. Seeds are shown in present seedlings are planted In rows five feet apart. They are regularly prunced and allowed to grow only four or five feet high. How gathered When tree lants are four years of age, leaves are plucked triplet or four times a year. The leaves are first dried in the sun and roested in fire. thence the leaves are ready for use and sale. How prepared At firest water Is boiled in a pot. Tea leaves are put Into boiling water. After three or four minutes it Is poured into cups through a sieve. The suger and milk is mixed with it. Thus it becomes a good drink. usefulness Tea is a useful drink to us. Refreshes body and mind. Gives us energy to work.It also helps us o keep awake. Taking tea three times a day Is healthy for healt While gossiping with our friends and relatives we can not heardly think without a cup of hot tea. It brings a new mood of gossiping And In our country it is an important nip off also. Demerites Tea is not always good for healt. Too much of it is bad for health. It kills our hunger. The Importance of tea In our national economy Is very great. It Conjunslon brings a good deal of foreign money every year. So we should take care of better production of tea.

The heat energy given out Essay Example for Free

The heat vigour given turn up EssayI think it will happen for the following scientific reasons As the size of the carbon chain grows, more fond regards be added to the anatomical structure of the alcohol. This means that to distributively one time, more vital force from the surroundings must be extracted in order to break these starting bonds (endothermic stage). Yet, the more animation that is pass onn to break the bonds, the more susceptibility is utilise to form the products bonds and this serves the goose egg of the products great than that of the reactants. The alcohols start off with methanol, which has 0 carbon carbon bonds, 3 carbon hydrogen bonds, 1 carbon oxygen bond and 1 oxygen hydrogen bond.When the products are formed, excess energy is released which is mainly due to the amount of C = O bonds being made. The products of methanol have 2 C = O bonds and 4 O H bonds. Since a C = O bond has a high energy value of 805, many of them will turn back t hat the energy of the products is greater than that of the reactants. Here are the theoretical heap for the comment, emerge fix up and exothermic heat energy of methanol along with a diagram and the bond energy values Bond type cleverness Value (Kj) Bond type Energy Value.Now lets take ethanol as an example. The bonds are 1 C C bond, 5 C H bonds, 1 C O bond and 1 O H bond. The telephone number of C H bonds has risen by 2 and the carbon bond has gone up by one. For the products, there are 4 C = O bonds and 6 O H bonds which is two more bonds than methanol. Here is the input and output calculation for ethanol The theoretical input energy for the ethanol is greater than that of methanol as is the output energy and the exothermic heat energy difference. The alike(p) is shown with proponal, butanol, pentanol, heptanol and octanol.The pattern that we happen upon is that when the alcohols gain a carbon, they have to break an extra 2 C H bonds (and C C bonds if it is connect ed to another carbon) and this makes it select more energy from the surroundings which comes out as more energy when the products are formed. The theoretical values show that the more bonds in the reactants, the greater the bonds in the products and the more the theoretical energy difference. Also, since there is a firm change in the structure of the alcohols, then there is probably a regular change in the energies too.There is a regular change in the exothermic energy given out. Here is a graph of my theoretical values in order to show the relationship between the energy given out and the number of carbons The number and cathode-ray oscilloscope of results I will need, to obtain reliable evidence are I will need to have at least 20 results twice for each different alcohol, perhaps thrice if possible. If each experiment is done at least once, then averages of mass differences brush aside be obtained and will make the energy given out by one mole of alcohol readings of each, much more accurate.The range of these results will be from the alcohol ethanol to the alcohol octanol which is 7 alcohols in all as we are excluding methanol and heptanol. This will enable me to make bond energy charts for each alcohol to easily separate and illustrate the relative heat energies released. I will require the apparatus for my investigation Spirit burners of each alcohol, 5 heatproof mats, metal stand and clamp, thermometer, can, ruler, measuring cylinder, splint and a cardboard can lid. The way I will use this apparatus to obtain reliable evidence is shown belowOnce the apparatus has been assembled as shown, fill the measuring cylinder with a specific volume of wet and pour into the can. The starting temperature of the water should be recorded and the temperature it will go up to should be calculated by adding the original temperature to a temperature rise (e. g. 20i C + 7i C =27i C). Check that the distance between the alcohol and spirit burner and that the temperature rise is the same for every experiment. Weigh the alcohol before the experiment and then place in the shelter of the windbreakers, so it is directly underneath the can.Light the alcohol using a lighted splint and close it in with another heatproof mat. Safety glasses must be worn as the alcohols are flammable and if whatsoever gets on your hands, they must be washed immediately in case any flame touches your hand. Also, it would be safer and less of an equipment hazard if one Bunsen burner were used. Put the cardboard lid on top of the can and the thermometer through it (punch hole in lid and slide thermometer through). After the water temperature goes up to the one decided, put out the alcohol and weigh its finishing mass.This should be recorded. To prepare for a repeat empty out the can and refill and change the alcohol with another of the same type. Repeat the procedure for other alcohols and take average. I have used the following to help me plan my investigation I have used t he following books to help me plan my investigation Physics for you by Keith Johnson. On rapscallion 37 to 39, I found out information concerning measuring heat energy, its values, specific heat capacity and a tabularise displaying specific heat capacities of different substances.Revision guide for GCSE Double Science Physics where on page 67 to 68, there is information most heat transfer, evaporation, the conduction of heat and vibrating particles. Chemistry for you by Lawrie Ryan (Revised internal Curriculum Edition). On page 178 to 179, there is information regarding organic molecules such as alcohol their structures, fleshly properties and homologous series. On page 182, there is information on the combustion of alcohols, a brief invoice of the combustion experiment and combustion formulas.On page 186, which is about energy transfer, there is more diminutive coverage of incomplete/complete combustion and fuels. On page 190 to 195, there are things about exothermic/endoth ermic reactions, what happens to the temperature during these reactions, energy level diagrams, making and breaking bonds and finally bond energy calculations. Nuffield sacred scripture of Data sheet has exothermic heat energies of all the alcohols combustion reactions and all the varied bond energy values.I have done the following experiments to help plan my investigation periment on page 191 to see what substances have endothermic or exothermic reactions. Previous practise experiment of the alcohol investigation, which helped me to find corrections for certain procedures, various precautions, tips that would produce less inaccuracy, discover key factors and how to set up the apparatus. Here is the set up of my results table as an example of what I learnt from the practise experiment.