Notes on the structure, function, and processes involved in the human kidney

Over the last several years, few aras of medical investigate confine received as much attention as those divisions consecrate(p) to bowknot st only look for. Research has uncovered a elicit of omnipotent prison electric cellphones in many a(prenominal) organisms that extradite like embryonal cells in that they have the ability to transubstantiate into many variant cell types. These cells function in hurt repair, growth, and regeneration. Stem cell activity has been observed in many areas of the body including the digestive tract and bone marrow. Almost all post-natal declination cell formation occurs in the bone marrow. Here, a common macrocosm of stem cells (pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells) gives rise up to progenitor cells and trumpeter cells that, when prompted by favorable levels of growth factors, render into red blood cells or one of several types of leukocytes. In the lining of the thin intestine and colon, the regenerative cells of the crypts of Lieberkuhn in the mucosa are responsible for cell replacement. Until recently, it was believed that cells of the nervous system did not embark in cell regeneration and replacement. However, as report by Gerd Kempermann and Fred Gage in New Nerve Cells for the Adult Brain, search has uncovered that stem cells do function in neuron replacement.          A long-time opinion was that neurons were not replaced if the cell died.

It was also believed that a neuron could not repair itself if damaged. Kempermann and Gages denomination is centered on the long history of seek devoted to disprove both o f these theories. As early as 1965, researc! h was being performed on rats to determine if neuron production existed. The research performed at MIT reported neurogenesis (neuron production) was found to occur in the rough gyrus function of the hippocampus. The hippocampus is the area of the brain associated with reposition and learning. In...

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